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GOOD HEALTD....,.^;v 


A yoiirnal of Hygie, 








VOL. XXXlll. 


JANUARY, 1898 


r. r • 

NO. i.v. 

libP'G'' 


ARE WE A DYING RACE?' 


BY J. H. KELLOGG, M. D. 
{Continued.) 


** And there were giants in those days.’^ 
That the human race is degenerating in 
stature as well as in longevity may be 
clearly inferred from analogy, since the 
study of the fossil remains of both animals 
and plants shows that the earth was once 
peopled by gigantic beasts,— mammals, 
birds, and reptiles, — compared with which 
the animals living at the present time 
are mere pigmies. The mammoth red¬ 
woods of California are almost the only 
living representatives of the magnificent 
forest monarchs which once sheltered 
mammoths, mastodons, megatheriums, 
and their prodigious neighbors, but which 
are now buried in the measureless coal¬ 
fields of this and other countries. 

The same causes which have been in 
operation to diminish the size of other 
animals have likewise affected man ; in 
fact, the dwarfing influences to which *the 
latter has been exposed are tenfold more 
numerous and potent than those which 
have operated upon the lower animals. 
Putting aside the fabulous accounts of 
giants twenty or thirty feet high, which 
are doubtless based upon the bones of 
extinct animals, we find authentic records 
of measurements of many men more than 

1 Paper read at ihc Civic Philanlbmpii Conicrencc, Hattie 
Creek, Mich., Oct. la-ty, 1897. 


eight feet in height who lived during the 
two or three centuries prior to the pres¬ 
ent. In 1555 three brothers, surnamed 
Og, Gog, and Magog, who were each 
over eight feet in height, guarded the 
Tower of London, The Duke of Han¬ 
over had in his court in the seventeenth 
century, a yoeman who measured eight 
feet six inches in height. The famous 
commentator, Dr. Adam Clarke, measured 
a man who was eight feet six inches tall. 
O’Brien, the Irish giant, whose skeleton 
stands in the museum in the Royal Col¬ 
lege of Surgery in London, measured 
eight feet four inches in height. It is 
not probable that there could be collected 
at the present time from the whole world 
such a company of men as Frederick the 
Great’s regiment, one of whom, the 
Scotch giant, measured eight feet three 
inches. Men who are at the present 
time exhibited as giants, although said to 
measure eight feet, are rarely found to be 
more than seven and a half feet, and very 
frequently less. Great statures are not 
usually found at the present time to co-ex- 
ist with great longevity, but rather the re¬ 
verse. The vigor of the race seems to have 
deteriorated to such a degree as to render 
impossible the co-existence of these two 
marked evidences of extraordinary vitality. 




2 


ARE WE A DYING RACE? 


We are developing various defective 
varieties of the human race ; by keeping 
our blind and deaf and dumb in asylums 
by themselves they are led to intermarry, 
and so their defects are propagated by 
heredity. The great number of men, 
women, and children.confined in counting- 
rooms, stores, factories, and at various 
sedentary employments is developing a 
deformed creature which might be termed 
** the sedentary man,” who is known by 
his round shoulders, his flat, hollow, feeble 
chest, his weak heart, his sunken stom¬ 
ach, his lax and puny muscles, his sallow, 
sunken, and lusterless eye. This class 
is already many hundred thousand strong, 
and is growing daily, through the mad 
rush of young men and women from the 
country into the cities and towns, at¬ 
tracted by the unhealthful amusements and 
so-called advantages of city life. The 
consumptive variety of the genus homo 
is so rapidly increasing in numbers that 
at the present time one seventh of all 
who die, die of that one dread disease, 
^‘the great white plague,”— consumption. 
More numerous still is an enormous class 
of individuals who may properly be 
denominated the disinherited.” 

A philosopher has said, It is the 
greatest of all human felicities to be 
well born.” Unfortunately, not all hu¬ 
man beings enjoy this felicity. Indeed, 
it is yearly becoming more and more ap¬ 
parent that an increasing proportion of 
human beings are badly born. In every 
large city are to be found thousands who 
belong to what are known as the vicious, 
the criminal, or the indigent or pauper 
classes. For the most part, these persons 
are born into the condition in which they 
are destined to spend their lives, and are 
little more responsible for the unhappy 
situation in which they find themselves 
than are the deaf and dumb, the blind, 
or those who are in other respects con¬ 
genitally deformed. The only difference 


between the infirmities from which these 
persons suffer and those with w^hich the 
cripple, the blind, or the deaf are. af¬ 
flicted, is that their physical deficiencies 
are less conspicuous. They are, never¬ 
theless, as real. Their deformities con¬ 
sist in bad or abnormal construction of 
the brain, although a minute examination 
will reveal, in the majority of persons be¬ 
longing to these inferior classes, external 
deformities of a very pronounced char¬ 
acter. 

Another class of deformities which may 
be recognized, perhaps more commonly 
among the so-called “ upper” classes, in¬ 
clude such congenital defects as flat or 
narrow chest, weakness of the heart, fee¬ 
ble digestive powers, a neurotic tempera¬ 
ment, and various idiosyncrasies of mind 
and body. Heredity is a force which 
operates in the most thoroughgoing man¬ 
ner. Every human being is the product 
of a principle which has been taking care¬ 
ful notes of the lives and habits, the neg¬ 
lects, the excesses, and the abuses, of 
every crime against the body through all 
the generations from Adam down to the 
individual man in question. The living 
man or woman is simply the material rep¬ 
resentation, the focus or vortex, so to 
speak, of the myriad of influences which 
have been operating from the earliest ages 
of man’s history down to the moment of 
inspection. 

Man’s physical, mental, and moral char¬ 
acter is as much a matter of heredity as is 
the capital of wealth with which he starts 
out in life. The man who lives the life of 
the spendthrift and dies bankrupt, leaves 
his children penniless. Sometimes it 
takes a series of generations to consume 
completely the accumulated earnings of 
preceding generations. So it is with 
bodily and mental health. The complete 
mental and physical bankruptcy which 
lands a man in the insane asylum or 
almshouse infirmary may be simply the 


AJ^E IVE A DYING RACE? 


result of two or three generations of sins 
against the body and the soul on the part 
of profligate ancestors. “The fathers 
have eaten sour grapes, and the children's 
teeth are set on edge.” 

The world looks with disdain upon the 
money spendthrift. The man who reck¬ 
lessly squanders the family inheritance 
and leaves his children penniless is re¬ 
garded by the world as little short of a 
criminal, a thief, a robber. What does 
society say about the man who by a proc¬ 
ess exactly identical, disinherits his chil¬ 
dren of that most valuable of all posses¬ 
sions— soundness of body and mind? 
Society ignores the sins of this class of 
criminals, never asking a man to consider 
the consequences of his course of life upon 
his possible progeny, but allows him to 
squander, without questioning his right, 
the constitutions of unborn children, in 
open violation of the law by which nature 
has protected the well-being of the human 
race. 

One of the most conclusive evidences 
of the degeneration of the race is to be 
found in the astonishing rate at which in¬ 
sanity and imbecility have increased 
within the last forty or fifty years. Ac¬ 
cording to Dr. Wise, the number of in¬ 
sane per million persons in the United 
States increased between 1X50 and 1890 
from 673 to 1,700; and the number of 
feeble-minded persons or imbeciles per 
million increased from 681 to 1,527. In 
other words, the number of feeble-minded 
per thousand or million atthe present time 
is nearly three times as great as fifty years 
ago; and the same is true with reference 
to the insane in Great Britain and Ire¬ 
land, older countries, and in which cer¬ 
tain causes of degeneracy have been even 
more active than in this country, the num¬ 
ber of insane per million having increased 
in thirty years— that is, between 1862 
and 1891—from 1,810103,070. P'rora 
these facts, for which I am indebted to Dr. 


Arthur Mc(jUgan, of the Michigan As) - 
him for the insane, it appears that the 
process of degeneracy going on in this 
country is likewise proceeding at a similar 
rate in other countries. 

That this great increase of individuals 
who are mentally deficient is largely 
owing to the influence of heredity cannot 
be questioned, since it has been shown by 
careful observations made by Dr. Hurd, 
of the Eastern Michigan Hospital for the 
Insane, that the evil effects of intemper¬ 
ance are to be recognized most clearly in 
the extraordinary frequency of insanity 
and mental deficiency in the children 
of drunkards. 

Through this almost universal ignoring 
of the duty devolving upon every human 
being to preserve intact, as far as possi¬ 
ble, the natural powers transmitted to him 
from his ancestors, and by training and 
painstaking development make the most 
of them, we find the human race deterio¬ 
rating in physical stamina and a rapidly 
growing multitude of ‘^disinherited” indi¬ 
viduals who are born into physical, men¬ 
tal, and moral bankruptcy. It is high 
time that society gave more serious atten¬ 
tion to this great class of bankrupts by 
heredity, from which springs the greater 
share of crimes and criminals, cranks, 
lunatics, fanatics, and imbeciles. 

Public health measures protect the 
weak, not the strong: the strong man is 
able to take care of himself. The per¬ 
fectly healthy man, adhering to the di¬ 
vinely appointed laws of his being, is 
able to cope successfully with any germ 
which he is likely to encounter under the 
natural conditions of life. Barbarous 
nations maintain the standard of racial 
vigor by destroying the weak and feeble. 
The ancient Romans tolerated, and at 
one time even encouraged, infanticide, 
making it the duty of the midwife to 
strangle at birth deformed or puny in¬ 
fants. But the spirit of our modern 


4 


ARE WE A DYING RACE/ 


Christian civilization is to succor the 
weak, to protect and preserve the feeble. 
The hard-hearted medical editor who 
recently argued at great length in favor 
of the proposition to kill all idiots, re¬ 
ceived no support from his medical 
brethren, it being evident that any argu¬ 
ment which would justify the killing of 
idiots would make equally proper the 
killing of incurably insane persons and 
the helpless, blind, and aged,— perhaps 
also the crippled and deformed, the can¬ 
cerous, and other incurables. 

The genius of Christianity, however, is 
not the dominance of the strong, but the 
protection of the weak : he is greatest 
who serves the most. Here seem to be 
two principles at war with each other,— 
a principle in the natural world tending 
to the weeding out of the feeble and 
weakly, and the principle in the spiritual 


world demanding the sacrifice of the 
strong for the weak. If to be perfectly 
natural is to be truly spiritual, as the 
writer believes, there ought to be some 
way of reconciling these conflicting prin¬ 
ciples. It certainly will not do to main¬ 
tain that quarantine laws shall be abol¬ 
ished, and that cholera, typhus, and the 
black death be allowed to ravage the 
densely populated cities of to-day as they 
did those of the Middle Ages. 

The remedy is to be found, not in the 
abolition of public hygiene, but in the 
cultivation of private hygiene. More 
attention must be given to the training of 
the individual: men and women must be 
made to see that the prevalent conditions 
of our modern civilization are anti-natu¬ 
ral, and tend to the deterioration of the 
vital powers and the development of 
disease. 


(To be continued.) 


A MORNING WALK IN PARIS. 

liY .MARY HENRY. 


The American who has a natural liking 
for the French people, and who thinks of 
the brave and sturdy race from which 
they sprung, would far rather study 
the streets of Paris in the morning than 
at night. From the middle of the day 
until late in the evening, the forces of 
wickedness seem to be gathering momen¬ 
tum for the regular midnight plunge into 
every conceivable dissipation. During 
the forenoon the great city is sleeping off 
her debauch, and the early pedestrian 
may see what there is of wholesome ac¬ 
tivity. If he has a reflective turn of 
mind, a great many queer thoughts are 
sure to come to him. Perhaps he starts 
for his walk from the neighborhood of 
the Pantheon in the Latin Quarter. He 
could not pass the beautiful little church 


of Saint Ktienne du Mont, close by, with¬ 
out thinking of the crowds of people he 
has seen pushing their way thither for the 
annual celebration of the fete of Saint 
Genevieve, the patron saint of Paris. 

He remembers that fourteen hundred 
years ago, as the story runs, this holy 
woman, by her prayers, saved the city 
from savage Huns, from famine and from 
flood. Ever since that day the French 
have held her memory in deepest venera¬ 
tion. But they have not followed her ex¬ 
ample, for, according to the chronicle. 
Saint (Genevieve was a vegetarian, and a 
very strict one at that, since she lived 
thirty years on barley bread and dry 
beans, indulging in only tsvo meals a 
week of even this heroic fare. 

Considering the question of food alone, 



A MORNING WALK IN PARIS, 


5 


it is a wonder that the Frenchman of to¬ 
day does not shrivel up and dwindle down, 
physically, mentally, and morally, even 
faster than he is doing. The daily life 
of his stomach is one long history of 
degradation and insult. Before he gets 
up in the morning, 
he pours into it a 
quantity of wretch¬ 
edly made coffee and 
swallows a roll, with¬ 
out any attempt at 
mastication. Then 
he turns over in bed 
and takes another 
nap. His “break¬ 
fast with the fork 
at noon and his din¬ 
ner at night consist 
of a heterogeneous 
mass of incompati¬ 
bilities, — soup, fish, 
meat, salad, vegeta¬ 
bles, black coffee, 
cheese, biscuit. As 
everybody knows, the 
French are famous 
for the concoction 
of highly spiced and 
wonderfully mixed 
preparations to eat. 

More often than not, 
the dinner ends with 
cigarettes. In Paris 
nobody thinks of 
drinking plain water. 

It is almost impos¬ 
sible to get it, even 
if you insist upon it 
and offer to pay for it. It is not very 
“plain” when you do get it, for until 
recently, hardly any attention was given 
to providing the city with pure water to 
drink. But the French people drink with 
their meals every imaginable kind of in¬ 
toxicant from vin ordinaire^ or red wine, 
beer, and cider, to brandy and chartreuse. 


From the church of Saint Etienne du 
Mont, our American follows the narrow 
streets down toward the river. Here and 
there he sees a group of laboring men 
going to their work. They are bare¬ 
headed, although it is winter. They 


wear dark blouses and carry dinner pails 
or baskets. Almost invariably they are 
reading Le Petit Journal or some other 
penny newspaper, as they walk, for it is 
very noticeable that the workingmen in 
Paris read the papers. 

One always feels like stopping on the 
street corner for a moment to watch a 


i 



Chubch of Saint Btiennr du Mont, Paris. 

















6 


A MORNING WALK IN PARIS, 


small procession coming down the street, 
sending waves of muddy water to the 
gutter and leaving clean stones behind it. 
These are the street-sweepers and clean¬ 
ers, the Paris broom brigade. They are 
not at all interesting from an esthetic 
standpoint, but when you think that this 
great city, covering nearly thirty square 
miles, is swept all over every day, that 
every broom is registered and every man 


water that has been turned into the gutter. 
'Phe water is allowed to flow until it runs 
perfectly clear, and is then turned off. 
Some parts of Paris are swept twice or 
three times on rainy days. 

The American is inclined to wonder 
why the people of Paris are not more 
particular about some other things. He 
would rather have mud under his feet 
than germs in his mouth. It always gives 



Ri'k he Rivom, Paris. 


in the cleaning force is obliged to serve 
an apprenticeship before he is allowed to 
sweep, you feel curious to see how the 
affair is managed. First comes the large 
sweeping brush, about six feet long, 
mounted on wheels and drawn by a horse. 
Sometimes two of these brushes go to¬ 
gether, one after the other. A man sits 
upon a little seat over the brush, and 
guides the horse. Another man follows 
on foot with a broom, and sweeps the 
line of dirt thus formed into a stream of 


him a shock to see how they treat bread 
in Paris. It is carried all about the streets 
without even a string around it, to say 
nothing of paper. To be sure it has a 
hard crust, but one would like to feel free 
to eat that. It is baked in long rolls that 
are often stacked up in a corner of the 
bakery like so many umbrellas. Women 
buy these long rolls, and start off clasp¬ 
ing them affectionately to their bosoms 
and resting the ends against their hair. 
Men forget that it isn’t a cane they are 



















MORNING WALK IN PARIS. 


7 


carrying, and rap the end of the roll on 
the pavement. A woman may sometimes 
be seen dozing on a bench in the Luxem- 
burg garden, cozily hugging a great 



•Merchants or the Four Seasons.” 


round loaf. It is not a thing unheard of 
to see a woman thumping a man with a 
fresh-baked roll. If it breaks in two, 
nothing daunted, she will beat a tattoo 
on his back with the pieces. 

Another common sight, and one to 
strike terror to a hygienic stomach, is a 
little three-cornered or rectangular open 
place between shops, where a man sits all 
day long with a kettle of boiling lard in 
front of him. His sleeves are rolled up, 
and he holds a large pan on his knees. 
Here he pares and slices potatoes, throws 
them into the kettle, dips them out with a 
ladle, deposits them on little pieces of 
brown paper, salts them while you wait, 
and sells them at two sous a paper. All 
sorts of victims, waiting to carry off these 
unwholesoipe packages, often stand in 
line for a quarter of an hour or more, 
watching the man work. 

It is a pleasant relief to watch the itin¬ 
erant fruit and vegetable pedlers. They 
are called ‘‘Merchants of the Four Sea¬ 
sons.^- This is a very appropriate terra, 


for they travel their circuit with their two¬ 
wheeled carts the year round, bareheaded, 
laughing, talking incessantly. 

By this time we have come out in front 
of the Palais de Justice, where military 
companies are drawn up for the daily 
drill. Our frontispiece shows this place, 
with the bridge near it. One feature of 
the morning walk anywhere is the sight 
of young soldiers marching in double 
quick through the streets. 

Most of the French soldiers are slight 
and short, and to American eyes seem 
greatly deficient in military bearing. 
Perhaps they would stand up straight if 
they supposed any one were looking, but 
the ideal soldier would carry himself with 
dignity in a desert. The French recruits 
are not required to be more than five feet 
one inch tall. Indeed, according to the 
latest military law, a man even shorter 
than that could not get a permanent ex¬ 
cuse from service. They simply give him 
two more years in which to grow, but at 
the end of that time, whether he grows 



or shrinks, he must enter training. This 
physical deterioration is one of the most 
significant indications of the rapid and 
general degeneration of the French race. 
















8 


A MORNING WALK IN PARIS. 


From the Palais de Justice we cross the 
bridge, Pont au Change, and follow the 
quays toward the Louvre. The river is 
not so fascinating as at night, when the 
brilliant lines of light on all the bridges 
and the colored signals on the swift pass¬ 
ing boats make a scene to inspire a poet, 
to cause even a commoner to linger, but 
in the morning we find a charm in the cu¬ 
rious long lines of old books exposed for 
sale all along the quays on both sides of 
the river. Most of them are second-hand 
books in various stages of preservation 
and decay. They are displayed in 
broad, shallow boxes or cases fastened 
to the top of the stone wall at just the 
right height and angle to attract the pass¬ 
er-by. No one ever seems to be in charge 
of the stock until you begin to handle 
some volume or to look about. Then a 
little man or a woman or a small boy will 
bob up from somewhere and begin to talk. 
Sometimes, if you seem gentle, you will 
hear a story of the woes of the people in 


France, of the great gulf between the 
rich and the poor, of the rights of social¬ 
ism, of the lack of sympathy under the 
sun. 

The American goes home with an ache 
in his heart. He loves this great city, 
with its beautiful streets, its varied and 
fascinating life, its treasures of art, its 
wonderful monuments. Taken as a whole, 
he loves the French people. Their gaiety, 
their impulsive friendliness, their light¬ 
hearted irresponsibility, by very contrast, 
charm his practical soul. But he feels 
that neither the poor book-seller with his 
belief in communism, nor the soldier with 
his schemes for war, nor the statesman 
with his plans for bettering the republic, 
not one or all of these can restore to 
France strong sons and daughters. Taken 
individually, the Frenchman is fast be¬ 
coming a wreck. From any sound mental, 
moral, or physical standpoint, he presents 
an almost perfect example of what not to 
do, if you would be well and strong. 



Book Stalls ai.o.su imb Srcxe. 





THE NATURAL MAN A VEGETARIAN. 


in J. H. KELLOGG, M. D, 


It is a popular fallacy that man is by 
nature a flesh-eating animal. A study of 
the human stomach, of the alimentary 
canal, of the entire human organism in 
fact, shows beyond the possibility of a 
doubt that man is not carnivorous, that 
the use of flesh is an artificial practise, a 
taste ac([uired through long generations, 
a cultivated habit, and not necessary 
even now. 

The majority of the human race do not 
eat meat at all. Of the fourteen hun¬ 
dred million people in the world, not more 
than one in ten ever touches it. There 
are millions of people in China who do 
not eat meat. There are two hundred 
million in India who consider flesh-eating 
a sacrilege. Dr. Place of Calcutta, tells of 
a man there who was sick with pneumonia. 
He was lying under a shed, destitute and 
miserable. He was found by a nurse 
who look him liome, cared for him, 
and prepared him some food. But the 
man refused it. He said, “ I will die be¬ 
fore I vvill eat that.'^ Being asked why, 
he said that it was because this food had 
been prepared by people who had soiled 
their hands with meat. He would die 
before he would eat meat or anything 
cooked by a person who had eaten meat. 
While in the case of this man it was a 
question of caste rather than of hygiene, 
the hygienic principle was back of the 
law of his religion, a law that is con¬ 
scientiously obeyed by nearly three times 
as many people as there are in the United 
Stales 

In South America there are millions 
more who ilo not eat flesh. They live 
on liananas and the fruits of the earth. 
Judge Graham, who spent several years 
in Holland, as minister at The Hague, 
found that the common people of Belgium 
and Holland rarely eat meat. He re¬ 


ported that a gentleman who employed 
several hundred workmen said to him, 

** We give our workmen meat once or 
twice a year.*' A number of years ago I 
visited England and was in the “Blacky 
Country,’* where the people are stalwart 
and magnificent. They are all strong, 
even the women. You will see women 
standing at a blacksmith’s forge all day 
long. I saw one woman making nails 
for the shoes of camels in the desert of 
Sahara ; she was wonderfully skilful. I 
found that these people never taste meat, 
except on Sunday, when they get a soup- 
bone. They live upon beans and brown 
bread, and the plainest and simplest 
foods. I spent a little time in Italy some 
years ago, and went out among the peas¬ 
antry to see what they ate. I found that 
they never taste meat. They live on 
chestnuts, peas, beans, barley, and wheat 
coarsely ground,— the very simplest prod¬ 
ucts of the earth. 

()ne day I was driving along the streets 
of Naples, and saw a group of boys gath¬ 
ered around an old woman, who was dip¬ 
ping something out of a kettle standing 
before her on a little stove. I soon dis¬ 
covered that she was roasting chestnuts 
for their breakfast. As fast as they got 
them, the boys would toss the chestnuts 
into the air, and then blow them until 
they were cool enough to eat. They had 
also a little macaroni and some cooked 
cheese It was just sunrise. Now these 
boys were splendid fellows. They worked 
from early morning till sunset during the 
long summer days, in a tannery,— and 
that means hard work,— and they had 
nothing to give them strength but chest¬ 
nuts and macaroni and cheese. 

Some time ago I met a gentleman who 
had been Minister of Agriculture in Ja¬ 
pan, He said that in the large cities of 


o 


THE NATURAL MAN A VEGETAR/AN, 


that country, he would often see men 
coming down the streets who seemed to 
be of another race. The first time he 
met a spectacle of that sort, a Japanese 
friend was walking with him, and he asked 
him what that man was, who seemed to 
be a giant, head and shoulders above the 
rest. The reply was, He is a wrestler, 
you can tell one as far as you can see 
him. 1'hey are great, broad-shouldered, 
thick-chested men, six or eight inches 
taller than the ordinary Japanese. These 
wrestlers have become strong and vigor¬ 
ous because they have established a sort 
of caste. They have intermarried until 
they have become a distinct race. They 
live upon an absolutely vegetarian diet, 
upon rice, peas, beans, lentils, and foods 
of that kind, and they are the finest men 
on earth. Similar facts and incidents 
might be cited about the peasantry of 
tlermany, Ireland, Scotland — of all coun¬ 
tries except America. America is the only 
country in which the common people 
make a free use of meat. 

Another interesting fact is that a car¬ 
nivorous animal is a great deal better off 
without meat. This may seem ridiculous, 
but yet is it not true that a dog is a great 
deal better dog without meat ? A dog fed 
on meat is cross and savage. He is not 
a good watch*dog. He sleeps more. 
When he is eight or nine years old, he 
gets rheumatic, and before he is twelve 
or fourteen years of age, he must be shot. 

1 know a dog that is twenty years old, a 
strict vegetarian, and he eats only two 
meals a day. A friend of mine was yjer- 
sonally acquainted with that dog. He 
belonged to Senator Palmer. 


Hunters feed their dogs on corn-meal 
and oatmeal and that kind of foods. 1 
asked a dog trainer who kept a large 
number of dogs why he fed them on 
corn-meal and oatmeal. He answered. 
Because it gives them sound wind. 
If a dog eats meat, he has no wind/’ 
Some years ago 1 had a fine dog that I 
sent to a dog school to get an education. 
I sent a line to the president of the 
school, saying that my dog was a vege¬ 
tarian, and I did not want him to have 
any meat j that he was to take a term of 
lessons and learn what a dog ought to 
know. I got a note in return saying that 
I need not be afraid that the dog would 
have meat, for he never gave his dogs 
meat. On inquiring why, I was told that 
if he fed his dogs meat, he could not teach 
them anything. Some time ago a dog 
trainer brought twenty-five dogs to the 
.Sanitarium, and 1 asked him what he fed 
them. He said, Corn-meal, oatmeal, 
and bread.” Said I, “Don’t you give 
them any meat? ” — “ Never,” “ Why ? ” 
— “Because it makes them savage and 
cross.” Now is it not strange that, the 
men who rear dogs, which are carnivorous 
animals, find out that meat is bad for 
them ; while human beings, who ought 
certainly to keep themselves in the high¬ 
est intellectual and spiritual condition, 
in the clearest-headed and best possible 
physical condition, seem determined not 
to realize that meat makes them cross 
and stupid, that they are not so well in 
any way when they use it? Men know 
this for their dogs, but they have not yet 
learned it for themselves. 


1. UM), rest ill faith 

I’hat man’s perfection is the crowning tlower 
Toward which the urgent sap of life’s great tree 
Is pressing ; seen in puny blossoms now, 

Hut in the world’s great morrow to expand 
With brondc.«U petals and with deepest glow. 

— George EHoL 



THE MAN AND THE HABIT. 


There was a man who had a habit. 
The habit was a pleasant, amusing crea¬ 
ture, who, when the man’s soul was weary 
within him, would sing or cheer him with 
lively chat. It was small, of the figure 
of a manikin, an inch or two high ; and 
if the man grew tired of its tricks, he 
would take the little creature in his hand 
and put it away in a small box, and resume 
his toil. Now, the life of the man grew 
more somber, and he took the manikin 
oftener from its resting-plaTC and bade 
it amuse him. And at length so pleasant 
was the company of the habit that the 
man no longer banished it to its casket, 
but placed it in his bosom. The warmth 
of the man’s bosom fostered the little 
creature, so that it grew larger ; but still 
the man did not find it irksome to have 
the habit in his bosom. Butthemani. 
kin continued to grow till its height 
was doubled, and each day, being often 
exercised to please its master, its strength 
increased and it became more daring, 
coming out not alone at its master’s call, 
but even if his mind so much as dwelt 
for a moment upon it. Often he bade it 
return into his bosom, and the habit 
obeyed ; at other times he laughed at the 
readiness of its appearance, and watched 
its antics with amusement, saying to him¬ 
self, *'This is my servant; if I command, 
the habit will surely obey.” 

Still the habit grew in stature and in 
wilfiilness; but so charming was its be¬ 
havior, and so delightful its song, that 
the man grew less authoritative, saying, 
*‘It is a good creature, and would fain 
cheer me, its friend and master.” 

Once the man said, “Thou growest a 
great creature, sweet habit.” But the 
manikin drew itself up. ‘‘Habit,” it 
echoed, “I am no longer a habit; I am 
now a passion.” Then the man grew 
angry at its presumption, and thrust away 


the puppet roughly, saying, “ I will not 
endure thy boasting.” 

Yet he afterward relented, and thought 
lovingly of the passion. “ It is a kind 
creature,” he said, “though self-willed; 
but I am a man, and its master.” 

The passion grew more and more pow¬ 
erful, and clamored unceasingly for a 
hearing, and the fashion of its face altered 
so that it became somewhat ugly to look 
upon. Then the man would put it aside 
for a time, and strive to forget it. And 
when he took it out again, the passion was 
so humble that he forgave it and took it 
into favor, .\fter a time it became so in¬ 
solent that he began to feel afraid, for 
its strength and stature became greater 
daily, and he could with difficulty force 
it to obey him. And the man said, “I 
must subdue the passion ere it grow too 
powerful,” but he ever put off the day, 
for he thought of the fellowship of the 
habit, and strove to think the passion was 
but a puppet still. The passion refused 
to stay at home when its master went 
forth to his toil, and he was obliged to 
lock it up; but, thinking upon it in the 
market-place, the passion would break 
away and come to him. At length the 
man said : “The passion must die,” and 
he bound it with strong chains and gave 
it no food for a season ; but ever, ere its 
life went from it, he relented and gave it 
sustenance, and it broke the chains and 
clung to him. 

One night the man awoke trembling, 
for a cold hand lay upon his heart. It 
was the passion. 

“Away to thy den; leave me,” cried 
the man. “Go, passion.” But the 
figure remained, grinning horribly. 

“I am not thy passion,” it said, “I 
am thy vice; thou hast nurtured me, 
thou hast trained me; 1 am now thy 
master. Embrace me.” 


12 


THE MAN AND THE HABIT 


And the man folded the creature to his 
breast, closing his eyes, and striving to 
believe that this was only the habit. 

He opened his eyes and beheld a 
ghastly skull close to his face, and it was 
a skeleton that he held in his arms. And 
his soul died within him. Then he said to 


the vice : Kill me I pray thee, for 

servitude to thee is worse than death.” 

** Nay,” said the vice, ** when I was thy 
habit, and amused thee, wouldst thou 
have killed me ? Why, therefore, should 
I destroy my puppet ?”—John Enincis^ 
in the Vegetarian. 


LIFE FOR LIFE. 


IwOVE fills I he teeming e.'irih wllh food, 
With foo<l of life unstained by blood; 
God*s word is written everywhere — 

< hi fruitful trees and upland fair, 

Thy fo<id, the herl>, the seed, the tree — 
The earth an Eden blooms for ihcc. 


S’e ipiench the bouinliug life for food, 

Ve choke t he soaring song in blood; 

The uplifted ax, the winged lead, 

The murderous steel by which you 're fed; 
These weapons forge«l by selfish hate 
To make the earth all desolate. 


Ve seek for food of life amid the dead, 
.\nd tear up mangled corses to be fed; 

Ye to the slaughter-house repair — 

And from the shambles take your share — 
Which choose ye then to be your mate 
E»>ve's angel, or the fiend of hate ? 


The food procured by wrong and strife 
Can never grant thee peace and life; 
*l’he food procured by groans and fears 
Can only substance make for tears; 
Nemesis stands beside the hand 
That spills the lifc*blood in the sand. 


Your shamliles and your slaughterers drear 
Are altars raised to hale .and fear; 

Dread monuments of human lust, 

On which you slay your holocaust; 

The tiger in your soul to feed — 

Man, beast, and bird hath served your need ! 

— Asttey IVa/ton. 


A Vegetarian Bicyclist. 

A bicycle performance by a vegetarian, 
Mr. Turner, of England, shows that a 
vegetarian diet is capable of supporting 
muscular exertion of the most vigorous 
character. Mr. Turner covered on his 
wheel between 7 : 30 a. m. and 6 : 20 r. m., 
178 miles, stopping several times to rest 
and eat, and once to repair his machine. 


certain lines of literary work as to place 
him at the head, especially as a dramatic 
critic. Vegetarians, by the way, are 
rapidly getting ahead in everything over 
in England. In athletics, especially such 
as require prolonged exertion and endur- 
ance, as in long-distance walking matches, 
they have carried off the first and second 
prizes. 


Vegetarian Literati. 

The English papers announce that Mr. 
George Bernard Shaw, the eminent English 
literary critic, is a vegetarian, and that 
he has recently met with such success in 


Disease among Cattle. 

During the present year, disease among 
cattle has been extremely rife in various 
parts of the world, particularly in Holland 
and South .Africa. In the last-named 
country a plague has been prevailing so 


I 





DISEASE AMONG CATTLE. 


13 


extensively that it almost exterminated 
the cattle in the regions over which it has 
spread. Professor Koch, the eminent 
German bacteriologist, visited the colony 
for the purpose of discovering ways and 
means for staying the plague, and an¬ 
nounced that he had discovered a means 
of rendering cattle proof against the dis¬ 
ease by a sort of vaccination ; but the 
method appears to have been a failure, 
and the disease continues. 

In Holland a disease known as aphthous 
stomatitis has spread with great rapidity. 
During the month of January alone over 
eleven thousand cattle were infected by 
the disease in Holland, three thousand 
animals suffering in a single province. 


One Beast Apiece. 

The livestock statistics show that there 
are raiseti in this country annually, more 
than one domestic animal for every man, 
woman, and child. This takes no account 
of fish and wild game eaten. We are cer¬ 
tainly getting to be an intensely carnivo¬ 
rous nation when every man, woman, and 
child eats more than one beast every year. 

No Use for a Doctor. 

Josiah Oldfield, a vegetarian doctor, 
tells a rather amusing anecdote of his 
travels in Switzerland, during which he 
frequently met vegetarians : — 

“ I was breakfasting one morning at 
the hotel Couronne before starting to 
climb the Rigi, when a new guest took 
the vacant chair beside me. He was a 
(lerman anxious to speak English, and I 
an Englishman anxious to speak Ger¬ 
man, but neither of us could do what we 
wanted to.” 

The conversation proceeded till suddenly 
the German turned to the Englishman 
with the query, “You are a merchant, 
are you not?” 


Mr. Oldfield finally, “ by means of sun¬ 
dry paraphrases and roundabout methods 
and gestures,” got the information into 
German that he was a medical man. 

“My neighbor,” he says, “looked me 
up and down with an amused smile, half 
pitying, half disdainful. 

“ ‘ I weel nod be a customber of yours, 
sir,* he said. 

“ ‘ I beg your pardon,* I replied. 

“ < I weel nod,^ he repeated with empha¬ 
sis, * ever be a customber of yours. 1 do 
not wish doctors, for why, for I am a veg¬ 
etarian and his chest swelled out with 
pride, and a look of joy played over his 
healthy face, and every fiber of his body 
glowed with a sense of stamina and su¬ 
periority to all drugs and potions, pills 
and plasters ** 


Man is born with his hand clenched ; 
he dies with his hand open. Entering life 
he desires to grasp everything ; leaving 
the world all that he possessed has slipped 
away. 

Dk. .\HEkNETHV says that “no per¬ 
son can be persuaded to pay due attention 
to his digestive organs until death stares 
him in the face ** 

- « -- 

Nothing is so opposite to the true 
enjoyment of life as the relaxed and fee¬ 
ble state of an indolent mind.— Biair. 

A GREAT many children, both of the 
higher and the lower class, are, nowa¬ 
days, mentally and physically handi 
capped for life by overtaxation of the 
brain in the schools, while being sup¬ 
plied with an insufficient and erroneous 
diet, consisting to a large extent of white 
bread and meat. All parents should 
see to it that their children are fur¬ 
nished with wholesome brown bread and 
fruit every day. 





A LACK IN PUBLIC SCPIOOL E:DUCATI0N, 


Florence Kelly, of Hull House, Chi¬ 
cago, in a late number of the Chautauquan 
magazine, gives very forcible expression 
to her regrets as she sees the lack of 
training girls in trade and technical edu¬ 
cation in the public schools of Chicago; 
and, indeed, the same condition prevails 
all over our land. The training furnished 
in these schools, at least in the lower 
grades, is not fitting the students for prac¬ 
tical life, she argues, but only for sweat¬ 
shops, laundries, stores, etc. There is no 
suggestion of any household art or sci¬ 
ence, and the higher schools are no better 
in this respect than the lower. 

After speaking of a board school in 
London in which the children were taught 
to cook their own food, and even carried 
home the articles they had cooked, pay¬ 
ing therefor enough to cover the cost of 
the materials used, she says : — 

*‘The subjects which normally occupy 
happy women almost to the point of mon¬ 
opolizing their attention, are food, cloth¬ 
ing, shelter, and the care and nurture of 
children. But the curriculum of our 
grade schools excludes these subjects, 
and substitutes for them the study of 
words and numbers as adapted to the 
retail stores. 

*<The traveler from Mars could hardly 
escape the inference, if he knew our life 
only through our schools, that this is the 
last generation of our race ; for there is 
no preparation in them for the race in the 
future. Cooking, sewing, designing gar¬ 
ments, furniture, or houses, hygiene in 
practical relation to food, clothing, ven¬ 
tilation, or the care and cleanliness and 
rest of little children — is there any grade 


school which deals effectively with any of 
these matters, without which the race 
could not complete the first quarter of 
the incoming century? 

Hygiene, it is true, is taught out of a 
book, to the relatively small number of 
children who persist into the second half 
yeai of the seventh grade ; but this is a 
small minority of the children, and the 
teaching is far from vital or immediately 
valuable. 

Little girls in the primary grades 
could perfectly well be interested in 
their clothing — in the questions why 
dark clothing is more serviceable than 
white ; why woolens are more wholesome 
for people who are doing hard bodily 
work than cottons; why cleanliness is 
needful for the health of the skin, espe¬ 
cially in the case of babies and little chil¬ 
dren. In the fifth grade the children are 
already old enough to understand and 
take a keen interest in the simple princi¬ 
ples of laundry work or even of dyeing ; 
and their arithmetic might well concern 
itself with the cost of foods, the length 
of time that a garment may be expected 
to wear as a factor in determining the rel¬ 
ative prices of goods, the cost of daily 
chewing gum and cigarettes compared 
with the cost of books bought at regu¬ 
lar intervals, or of annual trips to sub¬ 
urbs and parks. . . . 

“The fact that the technical subjects 
referred to as suitable for young girls are 
to-day repulsive rather than attractive to 
them is a severe indictment of the work 
done in the schools ; for, rightly taught, 
these subjects are more absorbingly inter¬ 
esting than any others to young girls.'* 


Dr. Malcolm Morris, of England, healing) had made greater progress during 
recently stated that he believed medicine the last sixty years than it had done in 
(in which he included the whole art of the previous sixty centuries. 



COLORADO SANITARIUM QUESTION BOX. 


nV \V. H. RILEY, M. 1). 
(Continued.) 


8. What are your objections to the use 
of meat as a fooci ? 

Ans .— It is rather a long story to tell 
all about why meat is objectionable as an 
article of food. In the first place, it is 
unnatural to eat the flesh of dead animals. 
It might not seem so at first thought: it 
did not appear so to me for a long time. 
But if one will give the matter careful 
thought, he will find it is true. We have 
three great divisions in the natural world ; 
First, the mineral kingdom, or inorganic 
matter; second, the vegetable kingdom. 
Plants live upon inorganic matter ; they 
do not require anything else. They take 
the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and 
oxygen from the earth, air, and water, 
and under the influence of sunlight put 
these elements together and form sub¬ 
stances in themselves which are food to 
the animal kingdom. This is the way 
plants live. Third, the animal kingdom. 
Animals live upon the vegetable kingdom. 
This is natural. But it is unnatural for 
one animal to live upon another animal. 

I use the word “natural’’ in its best 
meaning. It might seem that since car¬ 
nivorous animals eat flesh, it is perfectly 
natural to them, but it is really a habit 
which has been acquired, and is not 
natural in the strict sense of the term. 

Another objection to the use of meat, 
that might be given, is that meat is not a 
necessary article of diet. While meat is 
a food, it is not a necessary food, nor the 
best kind of food. As a matter of fact, 
there are more people living in the world 
to day who do not eat meat than there 
are that do. If we go back in the history 
of the world, we find that the Romans, 


the Egyptians, the Persians, the Greeks,, 
and other ancient peoples did not eat 
meat. In the Oriental countries to-day 
whole nations live without meat, and. 
enjoy good health. 

There is always a breaking-down process 
going on in the bodies of animals, by 
which complex chemical substances are 
broken down into substances less com¬ 
plex. These less complex substances are 
of no use to the body, and are carried 
out by elimination. When an animal is 
killed, a large amount of this waste matter 
is retained in the tissues of the animal; 
so when one eats the tissues, he eats these 
waste products, which are of no use to 
the animal in which they are formed, and 
are of no use to the one who eats them. 
In fact, they are not only useless, but act 
as irritants, and to some degree, at least, 
are poisons to the body. These sub¬ 
stances contain no energy, or at least 
very little, and consequently are not a 
food to the body. 

Another objection to the use of meat 
at the present day is that it is very apt 
to be diseased. Some tests recently made 
in the State of Massachusetts and in 
Philadelphia show that ninety five per 
cent, of the animals tested in that section 
were affected with tuberculosis. If meat 
is thoroughly cooked, the germs of tuber¬ 
culosis are destroyed, so the individual 
will not take the disease; yet all must 
agree that even if the germs are dead, 
diseased meat is not fit to eat. Most 
meat eaters do not have their meat thor¬ 
oughly cooked. Thus disease is often 
communicated from the flesh of animals 
that have been diseased. 

There are other foods that are better 
than meat. Some people have the idea 


I StcnoKr^^kphicAlly reported. 


>5 



6 


COLORADO SANITARIUM QUESTION BOX. 


that meat is more strengthening than any 
other kind of food. This is a mistake; 
there is more strength in a pound of 
wheat than in a pound of beefsteak, The 
reason some think meat is more strength¬ 
ening than other foods is because it is 
more stimulating. 

9. If meat is a food, why do you ob¬ 
ject to its use? 

Ans .— Meat is a food, but it is not the 
best kind of food. I object to its use for 
the reasons I have given, and many oth¬ 
ers. It is not the best kind of food for 
those who are well, and usually not for 
those who are sick. For persons who 
have lung trouble and have a very poor 
appetite, and do not relish other food, I 
would not advise too close a restriction 
in the matter of meat-eating. However, 
I have seen many cases of tuberculo.sis 
where the night sweats, loss of appetite, 
cough, expectoration, and fever all dis¬ 
appeared, and the patient gained in flesh 
and strength and had a ruddy complexion 
without eating any meat. 

10. Do the germs of tuberculosis live 
and grow outside of the body ? 

Ans, — No, not to any extent. The 
germ of tuberculosis is very particular 
about the place where it lives, and will 
grow only under the most favorable con¬ 
ditions, The requisite temperature is 
about that of the body, 98° to ioo®F. It 
will grow on cooked potato, bouillion, 
agar-agar, and some other things, but does 
not flourish 10 any extent outside the 
body. The best place for it to grow is 
in the body, where there is the proper 
temperature and the proper amount of 
moisture, and where it can live upon or¬ 
ganized matter. The germ of tuberculo¬ 
sis cannot live upon the elements, but 
must get its food from organized bodies, 
such as the animal. It grows in the lungs 
of nearly all animals. The Jersey cow par¬ 
ticularly is very susceptible to tuberculosis, 
whole herds being found afflicted with the 


disease. The horse does not take the 
disease, and seldom the dog, or white 
mice, or rats ; but nearly all other warm¬ 
blooded animals are subject to the dis¬ 
order. The germ does not grow in cold¬ 
blooded animals, probably for the reason 
that the temperature of the body is too 
low. 'Fhe spores of this germ are very 
tenacious of life, and must be subjected 
to a high degree of heat for some time in 
order to destroy them. These spores, 
or seeds, have within them sufficient vital¬ 
ity to grow and develop into full-fledged 
and well-developed germs under favorable 
conditions. They irritate the lung tissue 
and set up an inflammation. This inflam¬ 
mation often takes the form of little tuber¬ 
cles, or bunches. Sometimes these are 
found in the sputum of patients. 

If the patient suffering from this dis¬ 
ease will keep the lungs w'ell disinfected 
by inhaling some volatile antiseptic sub¬ 
stance, conditions will be brought about 
which are unfavorable for the growth 
of the germs, and after a time they will 
disappear entirely. At least when the 
patient does not expectorate and we can¬ 
not find the germs, we have every reason 
to believe that they are entirely absent. 

I have just been looking over a hun¬ 
dred cases of tuberculosis treated at the 
Boulder Sanitarium during the past year, 
and I find a very large percentage have 
been cured or at least greatly benefited; 
and many of these were very bad cases. 

In the treatment of this disease the 
patient has something to do as well as 
the physician. In fact, more depends 
upon the patient than upon the physician. 
The physician simply directs him along 
the way he should go ; and if he keeps 
going and working for health, he will 
finally develop into health. A little must 
be accomplished every day. It is like 
getting a load up a long hill. Some days 
one may slip back, and the next day he 
has to go over the ground he has lost. 


COLORADO SANITARIUM QUESTION BOX. 


17 


The next day he goes on a little farther 
and makes some progress. Thus he con¬ 
tinues until he gets well \ and when he 
gets well, he should take the best of care 
of himself, so that he may keep well. 

11. By what means do the germs of 
consumption enter the body ? 

A ns .— Usually by means of the air we 
breathe. Sometimes they are taken in 
diseased meat or diseased milk. This is 
one reason why we sterilize all of our 
milk here. We do not use milk from 
cows that are in any way diseased, but as 
a preventive against any germs that might 
get into the milk on its way from the stable 
to the table, we sterilize all our milk. 
Tne germs frequently get into the milk 
from the animal^s ha\dng the disease ; but 
they are more often taken into the body 
in the air we breathe. 

12. Why is it that those who come to 
Colorado for lung trouble cannot after¬ 
ward live in the East ? 

Ans. — This is a popular idea with many 
people \ but they do not seem to under¬ 
stand the situation, or the real facts in 
the case. The reason why people cannot 
live in the East after having lived in 
Colorado is not owing to the climate of 
Colorado, but to the disease they have. 
They may stay here and be cured of their 
disease, or may at least be able to live 
comfortably here with it; but if they go 
back to a moist climate, the disease be¬ 
gins again to manifest itself \ while here, 
under favorable climatic conditions, it is 
kept in check, remaining latent, and often 
entirely cured. 

13. What is the cause of consumption 
of the lungs ? 

Ans .— The real cause of tuberculosis, 
or consumption of the lungs, is the pres¬ 
ence and growth of the bacilli of tubercu¬ 
losis, or, in simpler terras, the germ of 
consumption. This germ is a very small 
plant,— so small that it cannot be seen 
with the naked eye. It requires consid¬ 


erable magnifying to bring it into the 
vision, even under the microscope. It 
usually enters the lungs by the air 
breathed; and if the vital resistance of 
the tissues is in a lowered condition, the 
germ finds a lodging and conditions fa¬ 
vorable for its growth, and as a result tu¬ 
berculosis develops. 

It would be more correct to say that 
there are at least two factors in the causa¬ 
tion of tuberculosis ; First, impairment of 
the general health and weakening of the 
resistance of the tissues ; and, second, 
the presence of the germ of tuberculosis 
in the lungs. So long as the system 
maintains a high degree of resistance, the 
germ will not grow in the lungs. It is 
therefore important to maintain a good 
degree of health, and in that way ward 
off not only consumption of the lungs, 
but many other diseases. 

14. After milk is sterilized, if it is not 
used right away, will it again become in¬ 
fected with germs ? 

Ans .— It is very apt to, as germs are 
present everywhere. After milk is ster¬ 
ilized, it should be kept in a clean place 
where germs are not present, or at least 
not to any great extent. If the milk is 
kept in a proper place in a clean, cov¬ 
ered vessel after it is sterilized, there is 
very little danger of more germs’ getting 
into it. 

15. Is dyspepsia a curable disease? 

A^is .— Most cases of indigestion are 

curable under proper hygienic regulations 
and rational methods of treatment; but 
there are some forms of dyspepsia in 
which the glands of the stomach arc de¬ 
stroyed and atrophied, so that they can¬ 
not secrete the proper amount and kind 
of gastric juice. In a case of that kind, 
dyspepsia could not be said to be curable, 
but there are very few forms of dyspepsia 
that cannot be cured. The word ‘^dys¬ 
pepsia ” really means difficult digestion, 
or imperfect or partial digestion of the 


i8 


COLORADO SANITARIUM QUESTION BOX, 


food, and usually refers to digestion in 
the stomach. 

i6. Is it not better to eat supper than 
to suffer from hunger? 

A ns ,—Sometimes it is, and sometimes 
it is not. Sometimes it is better to go to 
bed hungry than with a full stomach. 
During sleep all the functions of the body 
are retarded j this is not theory, it is a 
fact which can be easily proved. During 
sleep we breathe slower and not so deep ; 
the heart beats slower and with less force; 
the secretions of the body are greatly di¬ 
minished or entirely absent. This is true 
of the secretions of the stomach and in¬ 
testines. which are necessary for the di¬ 


gestion of food, as well as of the other 
secretions of the body. Thus food can¬ 
not be digested so well during sleep as 
when one is awake. 

There are some people, who, for some 
cause, do not sleep well with an empty 
stomach. In these cases I sometimes 
prescribe a light lunch at night, consist¬ 
ing of food that is easily digested, or has 
been digested before it is taken into the 
stomach, so that it is absorbed at once 
and does not remain in the stomach. 
But as a rule this is not required. The 
habit of eating dinner at the fashionable 
hour, six o’clock, is not a good one, at 
least for sick people. 


\Tri be continued.) 


THE CHEWING HABIT. 

nV KATE LIND.SAV, M. D. 


In all places and at all ages we find 
mankind indulging in the chewing habit. 
There are prepared and sold by the 
thousand, solid rubber nipples for babies, 
which are given them after they have 
finished their meals. The muscles of 
mastication are thus kept active and the 
development of the brain centers which 
control this function stimulated, until the 
habit of keeping the jaws in motion be¬ 
comes so fixed that it is well-nigh,irre¬ 
sistible. In the house, on the street, 
and in the cab, car, and omnibus, as 
well as in the lecture-room, and even 
the church, from infancy to manhood, 
it is chew, chew, chew,— fingers, rub¬ 
ber nipples, gum, and tobacco, as well 
as sticks, straws, etc. With all this 
useless work, it is not any wonder that 
the legitimate chewing work — that of 
masticating the food — should be very 
imperfectly done. To meet the demands 
of this abnormal chewing habit, hundreds 
of acres of land are wasted in the raising 


of tobacco, miles of chewing-gum are 
turned out by the factories yearly, and 
pounds of rubber gum consumed to 
make these useless dumb nipples which 
compel the baby to acquire an abnormal 
chewing habit before it can choose for 
itself. At the same time mankind are 
hurrying the food, which ought to be 
finely pulverized and mixed with the 
saliva by the teeth, into the stomach in 
undivided masses, thus insuring indiges¬ 
tion and other forms of alimentary dis¬ 
orders. 

As the result of the chewing habit 
comes the spitting habit, with its waste of 
saliva. The continuous chewing keeps 
the salivary glands at work all the time, 
and they have no time for rest or repairs, 
so that when the normal demand is made 
upon them for this important digestive 
fluid, they can furnish only an imperfect 
secretion; and thus the starch, which is 
so essential as a food element, is not di¬ 
gested properly, and cannot be assimi- 



THE CHEWING HAB/T, 


lated and used by the body for the pro¬ 
duction of force. 

To prove that even the immediate ef¬ 
fect of this chewing habit is to disturb 
the healthful exercise of bodily functions, 
let any one try chewing some inert sub¬ 
stance for a half or a whole hour, and 
either swallow or expectorate the saliva 
formed. The result will be a parched 
feeling of the mucous membranes of the 
mouth, and often a slight nausea and an 
all-gone feeling at the pit of the stomach. 
The working of any gland impairs its 
function so that it will prepare and se¬ 
crete only a very inferior fluid when called 
upon to perform its legitimate work. 
The saliva, unmixed with starch, taken 


»9 

into an empty stomach or when gastric 
digestion is well advanced, is a foreign 
element, and disturbs the normal func¬ 
tional work of the other digestive organs. 
The writer has often seen children suffer¬ 
ing from a bronchial cough, and restless 
at night, frequently crying out in their 
sleep, and sometimes waking suddenly 
screaming from night terrors, who, when 
this chronic habit of constantly sucking 
and chewing was broken, became much 
less nervous, slept quietly, and gained 
flesh, as all normal infants should, thus 
demonstrating that this pernicious habit 
was disturbing all the vital functions, and 
hindering normal development. 


THE POOR MAN’S PRAYER. 


We thank thee, Lord, that thou hast .sent aflliction 
to the rich — 

Dyspejjsia, gout, insomnia, and other troubles 
which 

Disturb their souls by day and night and cause as 
much or more 

Of real distress tlian do the ills that thou hast sent 
the poor. 

Wc may not have enough to cat. 'I'hey cat loo 
much, and so 

U*s just about an even thing which hath the most 
of woe. 

We have no lime to rest by day. They cannot rest 
at night. 

So, all in all, it sccmelh things are pretty nearly 
right. 


We can^t affoid to ride, but there, again, their joy 
we balk, 

For, O, thou sendcst them the gout, and so they 
cannot walk. 

Thou sendesl them rich food and drink, weak 
stomachs, headaches, wealth. 

To us thou sendest poverty, plain living, toil, and 
health. 

O, glad are we the rich must have, while living 
oft the fat. 

Hay fever, likewise pare.sis and lots of things like 
that. 

And 60 we 're thankful for our joys, the greater part 
of which 

Is thinking of the many woes thou sendesl to the 
rich. 

- NijCQii Waterman, 


PwERY man to-day has a weight to carry 
put upon him before he was born. It 
may be a dull brain, a diseased body, a 
hereditary tendency to drink or steal, a 
crooked spine, or a dark skin. He goes 
tottering up the hill under his bag of 
stones. The world about him, genera¬ 
tions yet to come, and others not seen by 


him, will watch him climb and fall and 
climb again. 

Victory always comes to him who climbs 
steadily; and he may be sure that at the 
end nobody will ask whether his weight 
was a broken back or a dark skin, but 
how far with it up the hill did he go? — 
Rebecca Harding Davis. 




THROUGH THE GOOD HEALTH SPY-GLASS. 


Among birds, those that sing are grain 
feeders, while those that eat meat, croak. 


Boys in the high school of Cincinnati 
are being taught to cook. They have 
regular lessons in the chemical processes 
of cooking, after which they prepare a 
meal—then they have to eat it. 


The famous singer^ Lilli Lehman, in 
describing her daily routine, says, Eat¬ 
ing and drinking do not take much of 
my time, for I am a vegetarian, and this 
suits my nerves extraordinarily well.” 

** Why, doctor,” said a friend to a 
vegetarian physician, “ I never saw any¬ 
thing like it, you work like a horse I ” 

“ That ^s because I eat like a horse,” 
retorted the doctor, ** simple food and 
not too much of it.” 


The fell shoe is considered by eminent 
physicians to be the best covering for the 
feet. Felt is a better non-conductor than 
leather, because of the air confined in the 
meshes of the felt. Felt boots are warm 
and comfortable. Although not designed 
for wearing in the wet, they are the best 
protection against cold. 

One of the Buddhistic religious serv¬ 
ices is a mass in which the officiating 
priest chants a prayer of which the fol¬ 
lowing is a part: — 

I vow not to slay any living creature. 

I vow not to take iny neighbor’s goods. 

I vow not to give myself up to sensual pleasures. 

I vow not to drink any intoxicants.** 


‘*No, Willie dear,” said mama, no 
more cakes to-night. Don't you know 
you cannot sleep on a full stomach ? ” 
“Well,” replied Willie, “I can sleep 
on my back.” 


This story shows that boys are just 
men before they grow tall. Forty-nine 
men out of fifty would rather sleep on 
their backs or lie awake all night than 
forego the delectable feeling of swallow 
ing cakes. 


Artificial oysters are the latest fraud in 
Paris. These are not “mock oysters” 
made of meat in the form of a patty, but 
a very clever imitation prepared to serve 
raw. They look very much like the gen¬ 
uine article, since the manufacturers buy 
second-hand shells from the restaurant 
keepers, and by means of a tasteless 
paste fasten the artificial oyster in its 
place. What they are made of is a 
mystery, but it is perfectly certain that 
these spurious productions cannot carry 
more poison into the human stomach 
than does the real bivalve. 


A mysterious death in Chicago recently 
caused excitement because a woman was 
suspected of murdering her husband. 
When it was found that the man was 
murdered by alcohol instead of strych¬ 
nin, the excitement subsided. The coro¬ 
ner's physician, Dr. Elijah P. Noel, made 
the following report: — 

“On inspection I found no marks of 
violence. On opening the body I found 
the liver enlarged, easily torn by the 
fingers, fatty throughout its substance, 
whitish yellow in color, and containing 
little blood on section ; the upper lobes 
of both lungs dark red, firm, heavy, sank 
in water ; the lining of the stomach showed 
large blackish and brown-colored sub¬ 
mucous extravasations of blood, sweetish 
malt odor, and about one pint of yellow 
fluid; the kidneys were pale and fatty, 
and dilated transversely. Analysis of the 
stomach was practically negative. In 


20 










THROUGH THE GOOD HEALTH SPY-GLASS. 


my opinion, said John B. Ketchem came 
to his death from chronic alcoholism, 
complicated with hypostatic pneumonia/* 


“War to the knife against germs ** is the 
motto of a Baltimore barber, who has 
established the first antiseptic barber shop 
in the United States. Everything about 
the shop is sterilized, including portions 
of the anatomy of the customer, and the 
barber. The employees are obliged to 
have their finger nails cut short and to 
keep them scrupulously clean. They are 
required to wear short-armed coats, fitting 
tightly above the wrist, so as not to allow 
the cloth to touch the face. 

A man is employed solely to attend to 
the sterilizers. Each cup, razor, and 
brush, after use, is placed in the sterilizers, 
and allowed to remain there fifteen min¬ 
utes at a temperature of 212° F. The 
towels and napkins are sterilized in bags 
by means of hot air. 

The sterilized towel is placed about the 
customer’s neck, and the barber next pro¬ 
ceeds to wash his own hands with steril¬ 
ized soap and water. Then he dips them 
into an antiseptic liquid, and after drying 
them, begins work with his sterilized razor. 
The scissors are sterilized before being 
used to cut the hair, and a piece of aseptic 
raw cotton is placed about the patient’s 
neck. 


2 r 

Charles Dudley Warner, in the “ Edi¬ 
tor’s Study ” of HarpePs Monthly^ is in¬ 
spired to see a relation between “dough¬ 
nuts and religion.” Referring to the old 
order of things, he says : — 

“ In my conception of this old order, 
if your belief were right, it did not matter 
much what you ate. Ever-present duty 
did not concern itself with the body. 
That concerned the spirit only. The 
clarity of the spirit was not supposed to 
be related to the soundness and sanity of 
the body. The relation of dyspepsia to 
the higher life was never studied. There 
was affectionate anxiety about the health 
of our dear ones, but this was not in rela¬ 
tion to the spiritual condition of the one 
afflicted. The effect of diet upon tem¬ 
perament, upon kindly feeling, upon char¬ 
acter, was not much considered ; its rela¬ 
tion to religious life not at all. And, 
indeed, there were shining instances of 
great spirituality in the most infirm bodily 
conditions. It was thought to shine out 
with special brilliance in infirmities. And 
these cases led to the notion that there 
might be a necessary connection between 
bodily incapacity and spiritual growth. 
This may have led to the further deduc¬ 
tion that there was no necessary connec¬ 
tion between bad cooking and ill temper, 
‘crossness,’ ‘glumness,* ‘ sullenness,’curt 
speech, reserve, and a dull household.” 


A CHARACTER. 


He sowed, and hoped for reaping — 

A happy man and wise; 

The clouds — they did his weeping. 

The wind — it sighed his sighs. 

Made all that fortune brought him 
The limit of desire ; 

rhanked God for shade in summer days, 
In winter-time, for fire. 


When tempest, as with vengeful rcxl, 
His earthly mansion cleft, 
t )n the blank sod he still thanked God 
Life and the laml were left. 

Content, his earthly life he ran, 

And died — so people say — 
jjomc ten years later than the man 
Who worried his life away. 

— The Household. 




22 


A DISINFECTANT FOR BOOKS. 


A Disinfectant for Books. 

Among the contents of the sick-room 
which must be destroyed after a case of 
contagious disease, perhaps none are sur¬ 
rendered with more regret than the books ; 
consequently those most highly valued 
are usually excluded from the sick-room, 
and the restless sufferer debarred from 
the comfort of his favorite authors during 
the weary time of waiting for health to 
return. 

Now, however, it is announced that a 
perfectly efficient disinfectant for books 
has been discovered by the director of 
the New York Library. The substance 
used is formalin, a saucerful of the solu¬ 
tion being placed in an air-tight box with 
the book to be treated. In an bourns 
time, it is claimed, the vapor will have 
saturated every leaf, and destroyed every 
germ in the book. 


Exercise for the Voice. 

Exercise is a powerful factor in the de¬ 
velopment of the voice. It should be 
taken in the open air. Children, like 
caged birds, lose their song. Exercise is 
born of the free fields and pastoral hills. 
A loud shout means a long breath ; a 
rapid race, many deep ones. Thus are 
the receptacles of the great aerial store¬ 
house opened, enabling us to keep on tap 
that which is the very essence of speech, 
without which no sound can be sustained. 
It is a fact that people reared in the 
country have clearer and ampler voices 
than those city bred. The voices of 
Southern nations possess invariably more 
music and more volume than those of the 
northerly tribes. Climate stimulates to 
an outdoor life and deep breathing, and 
many vocations that in colder climes are 
carried on indoors are performed outside. 
Mountaineers have louder voices than the 
inhabitants of the prairies, because of the 


respiratory development incident to hill 
climbing. The lesson from this is obvious. 
The “breath of life’* is the one truth in 
everybody’s mouth. It is the great proverb 
that knows no denial. In her generosity 
of this vital fluid, nature would give us 
good measure, pressed down, and running 
over. Yet how many of the pancake 
chests that drag the streets like collapsed 
bellows, know the swell and heave of un¬ 
cumbered air, the sufficingness of an 
honest breath? Nothing can supplant 
nature’s developmental gymnastics; but 
in those unfortunate cases where the con¬ 
ditions of life necessitate confinement, 
much may be done to expand the chest, 
increase cell function, and the volume of 
voice, through artificial breathing exer¬ 
cises.— Fayette C. Ewings M. D,, in the 
Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette. 


No Time for Trifles. 

We teach the children Danish, 
Trigonomeiry and Spanish; 

Fill their heads with old-time notions, 
And the secrets of the oceans, 

And the cuneiform inscriptions 
From the land of the Egyptians; 
'reach the date of every battle, 

And the habits of the cattle, 

With the date of every crowning; 

Read the poetry of Browning, 

Make them show a preference 
For each musty branch of science ; 

Tell the acreage of Sweden; 

And the serpent’s wiles in Eden ; 

And the other things we teach ’em 
Make a mountain so imincns*' 

'Phat we’ve not a moment left 
To teach them common sense. 

— Dmdun Standard, 


Alcohol in any appreciable quantity 
diminishes the solvent power of the gas¬ 
tric fluid so as to interfere with the proc¬ 
ess of digestion instead of aiding it.— 
W. B, Carpenter^ M. D. 





THE EVIL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 

BY J. H. kkllo(;g, m. d. 


Alcohol, the essential constituent of 
all fermented and intoxicating liquors, is 
an ancient foe of the human race. From 
the time Noah fell into shame and dis¬ 
grace through the intoxicating effects of 
wine, alcohol has never ceased to be an 
enemy of mankind. Like the arch de¬ 
ceiver himself, alcohol, one of the devil’s 
most efficient agents for destroying the 
happiness of man for the present and the 
hereafter, gains the confidence of its 
victims by making great promises, which 
it never fulfils. 

Alcohol promises pleasure ; but instead 
of the true pleasure, happiness, and con¬ 
tentment which come from a life of so¬ 
briety and uprightness! it gives a mere 
transient tickle of the palate, a thrill to 
the nerves, a momentary exhilaration, 
and with it the bitterness of a ruined life, 
loss of friends, home, property, a wrecked 
body, premature death, disgrace, and 
misery. Alcohol promises comfort; but 
instead of the comfort and well-being 
which come from health, strength, and 
vigor, the result of a wholesome life, 
alcohol gives simply a temporary be¬ 
numbing of the sensibilities certain to be 
followed by an increase of pain and 
suffering and an aggravation of all the 
miseries which it promises to relieve. 

The weary man takes a glass of intoxi¬ 
cating liquor for the relief of pain, a 
weakness of the nerves, a sinking at the 
stomach, a general discomfort. His mis¬ 
ery disappears. He congratulates him¬ 
self that he has a never-failing remedy — 
a panacea upon which he may always 
rely. But he soon finds that his malady, 
his misery, is aggravated instead of cured. 
His weak nerves, when the influence of 
the liquor is gone, are weaker than before. 
He is completely unstrung. More liquor 


is required to put to sleep his crying 
nerves and to relieve his discomfort. 
Alcohol is in every way a deceiver. It 
fulfils none of its promises. It relieves 
hunger because it destroys the appetite 
and the power to digest food, but it does 
not nourish the body. It destroys pain 
by paralyzing the nerves, but it does 
not remove the cause of the pain. It 
makes the poor man feel for a brief time 
that he has boundless wealth, but it leaves 
him poorer than before. If a man is 
cold, it gives him a sensation of warmth, 
but he is actually colder than before. 
The man who is weak imagines he is 
strong, while he is actually weaker than 
before. 

The purpose of the following pages is 
to present in a brief and concise manner 
the facts which modern scientific dis¬ 
coveries and the experience of the race 
have shown to be true respecting alcohol 
— facts to whose truth the most eminent 
scientific physicians throughout the world 
will bear witness. 

T. Alcohol Is a Chemical Agent.— 
It is colorless when pure, and very in¬ 
flammable, burning with a pale blue 
flame. It is closely allied to such chem¬ 
ical compounds as naphtha, turpentine, 
benzine, fusel-oil, kerosene, and burning 
fluid. It is seldom found pure, usually 
containing from two to fifty per cent, of 
water, besides various impurities, chief 
among which is fusel-oil, another variety 
of alcohol. The active chemical proper¬ 
ties possessed by alcohol render it not 
only unfit for introduction into the body, 
but actually dangerous when in a pure 
state. 

2. Alcohol Comes of a Bad Family. 
— “A man is known by the company he 
keeps.” This adage is equally as appli¬ 


es 


24 


THE EVIL EFEECTS OF ALCOHOL, 


cable to some other things as to men. It 
holds good respecting alcohol, at least. 
There are numerous alcohols. Fusel-oil, 
a constituent of bad whisky, is one ; 
naphtha, or wood-spirit, is another; car¬ 
bolic acid and creosote are chemical sub¬ 
stances which are related to alcohol. 

3. Alcohol Is a Poison to Plants.— 
Vital properties are pretty much the same 
in a general way, whether manifested by 
a mushroom or a man ; and any sub¬ 
stance which will destroy the life of a 
plant is not likely to be wholesome for 
human beings. If a plant be watered 
with a weak solution of alcohol, its 
leaves soon wither, turn yellow, and the 
plant dies, even when the proportion of 
alcohol is so small as one part in one 
thousand parts of water. 

4. Alcohol Is a Poison to Ai.i Ani¬ 
mal.'^.— A tadpole dropped into a vessel 
containing alcohol will die in a minute. 
Leeches and other small animals succumb 
in like manner. 

A French physician administered alco¬ 
hol in the form of brandy and absinth 
to fowls. The animals took kindly to the 
use of stimulants, and soon became so 
addicted to them that it was necessary 
to limit them to a daily allowance. In 
two months absinth-drinking killed the 
strongest cocks j the brandy-drinking 
fowls lived four months and a halfj 
while the wine-drinkers held out three 
months longer. But all finally died the 
death of the drunkard. The late Pro¬ 
fessor Dujardin-Beaumetz, one of the 
leading physicians of the world, in e.x- 
periments upon pigs, found its effect 
to be uniformly that of a poison. 

5. Alcohol Is a Poison to Human 
Beings.— Notwithstanding the apparent 
impunity with which diluted alcohol in 
the form of various liquors may be taken, 
pure alcohol is rapidly and certainly fatal 
when taken into the stomach without di¬ 
lution. Cases of instant death from 


drinking a considerable quantity of strong 
liquor have often been recorded, and 
numerous cases of death from this cause 
are constantly occurring in every large 
city. As we shall show hereafter, alcohol 
in every form is still a poison, the rapidity 
of its effects being largely determined by 
the degree of dilution in which it is intro¬ 
duced into the system. 

6. Alcohol Is a Narcotic. — Alcohol 
is exciting in its first effects ; but like 
most other substances of similar nature, 
its secondary and more prominent effect 
is narcotizing. It benumbs the sensibili 
ties. If a man is exhausted, it relieves 
the feeling of fatigue by obtunding his 
senses, not by replenishing his wasted 
energy. Persons who have died from the 
effects of an overdose of alcohol, present 
all the indications of narcotic poisoning. 

A tablespoonful of strong alcohol held 
in the mouth for two or three minutes 
will obtund the sense of taste so as to ren¬ 
der a person unable to determine between 
sweet and sour, saline and bitter. If 
taken in sufficient quantity, it will relieve 
the sense of pain sufficiently to enable a 
surgeon to perform an operation with 
little or no suffering on the part of the 
patient. Ether and chloroform are made 
from alcohol. 

7. Alcoik^l Nor A Fooii. The aris¬ 
tocratic toper who wishes to give an air 
of respectability to his vice, will claim 
that alcohol is a food. He will cite, in 
proof, instances in which persons have 
lived for weeks by the aid of no other nu¬ 
triment, taking nothing but alcohol and 
water. This semblance of argument 
scarcely needs exposure; for the most 
that can be claimed is that it proves 
merely that persons have lived several 
weeks while taking only alcohol and 
water. The fact that individuals have in 
several instances been known to live from 
thirty to sixty days while taking only 
water, shows conclusively that those per- 


THE EVIL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 


25 


sons who lived a shorter time on brandy 
and water, lived in spite of the alcohol 
instead of by the aid of it. 

Lager-Beer Not a Food. — After such 
repeated refutations of the idea, it is 
strange that people should still cling to 
the notion that lager-beer is nourishing. 
If a man has lost his appetite, and seems 
to be failing in strength or losing weight, 
his next-door neighbor advises him to 
drink daily a few glasses of lager-beer. 
If a nursing mother has insufficient milk 
for her infant, wise old ladies prescribe 
lager-beer or ale. 

Although it is being constantly reiter¬ 
ated in the ears of the people that alco¬ 
hol is not a food, and that beer and ale 
are only dirty mixtures of alcohol and 
water, still they refuse to believe that 
these pernicious beverages cannot, in 
some way, impart nourishment and 
strength. Perhaps the testimony of one 
of the greatest of European savants will 
correct the opinions of a few. 

Professor Baron Liebig, a German 
chemist of great renown, says : We can 
prove with mathematical certainty that as 
much flour or meal as would lie on the 
point of a table-knife is more nutritious 
than five measures (ten quarts) of the best 
Bavarian beer.'^ Powerful nutriment in¬ 
deed ! 

Water is the only drink : that is, the 
only liquid capable of supplying the de¬ 
mand of the system for fluid. The vari¬ 
ous beverages in common use are of value 
only to the extent that they contain water, 
the universal solvent. Alcohol, then, is 
neither food nor drink. It satisfies the 
craving for food, but does not replenish 
the tissues. Although a liquid, instead 
of supplying the needs of the system for 
liquid food, it creates a demand and a 
necessity for more 

8 . Alcoholic Degeneration. — The 
degeneration of the muscles, heart, brain, 
nerves, liver, kidneys, and in fact all 


the organs of the body, is induced by the 
habitual use of alcohol. Dr. Carpenter 
is authority for the assertion that the 
changes in the corpuscles and in the 
fibrin of the blood take place when not 
more than one part of alcohol to five 
hundred of blood is employed. Thus it 
will be seen that the very weakest wines 
are unsafe, since none of them contain 
less than from three to five per cent. 
Even small beer would be capable of do¬ 
ing mischief in this way. 

9. The Drunkard’s Brain.— The 
brain when in a normal condition is so 
soft that it would not retain its shape but 
for the skull. The sharpest knife is 
required to cut it without mangling its 
structure. It is necessary to immerse the 
organ in alcohol for weeks or months in 
order to harden it, when a careful exami¬ 
nation is essential. A drunkard’s brain 
presents a marked contrast. It is al¬ 
ready hardened. A celebrated anatomist 
declared that he could tell a drunkard’s 
brain in the dark by the sense of touch 
alone. A London physician reported a 
case in which he found, upon a post-mor¬ 
tem examination, so strong an odor of 
alcohol emanating from the brain that he 
applied a match to it, when it burst into 
flame. 

By means of delicate instruments it is 
possible to measure the exact length of 
time it takes a person to feel, to think, 
to see, to hear, and to act. A careful 
experiment made by the writer for the 
purpose of determining the influence of 
alcohol upon these various senses and 
upon mental activity showed that the 
length of time required was more than 
doubled as the result of taking two ounces 
of whisky. This clearly shows the para¬ 
lyzing influence of alcohol upon the brain 
and nerves. 

10. The Drunkard’s Stomach.—A 
microscopical examination of the lining 
membrane of the stomach shows it to 


26 


THE EVIL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. 


be traversed by a dense network of blood¬ 
vessels, which are wholly invisible so 
long as the organ remains in a healthy 
condition. Little pockets are also found 
in which are located the peptic glands 
which form the gastric juice, the essential 
agent in the process of stomach digestion. 
In the small intestine below the stomach 
we have a similar arrangement of blood¬ 
vessels and glands. 

In the well-known case of Alexis St. 
Martin, who suffered from a gun-shot 
which carried away a considerable por¬ 
tion of the abdominal wall and pene¬ 
trated his stomach, leaving an opening 
after healing, Dr. Beaumont made some 
most interesting experiments regarding 
the effects of alcohol upon the stomach, 
with the following results : — 

Stomach of a Moderate Drinker .— 
The effect of alcohol, as well as of con¬ 
diments, is to produce a state of excite¬ 
ment and irritation in the stomach, the 
result of which, when frequently repeated, 
is permanent congestion, and numerous 
forms of dyspepsia. But alcohol does 
more than simply irritate the stomach. 
By its antiseptic influence, it prevents the 
digestion of the food, and by its chemical 
properties, it destroys the activity of the 
gastric juice, and so does triple mischief. 

Stomach of a Hard Drinker. — In the 
hard drinker the blood-vessels are di¬ 
lated, as in the case of the moderate 
drinker, and in addition small ulcers are 
seen scattered over the diseased surface. 
The stomach of an old toper may be in 
an ulcerated condition without his being 
conscious of the fact, as the nerves of the 
stomach are so paralyzed by alcohol that 
their normal sensibility is quite lost. 

The Sfotnach in Delirium Tremens 
— In a person who is suffering with 
delirium tremens, or acute alcoholism, 
the mucous lining of the stomach is in 
a state of intense inflammation, so that 
its functions are wholly suspended. Dr. 


Beaumont observed on one occasion, 
when Alexis St. Martin had been drink¬ 
ing heavily for a few days, that although 
his stomach was in a state of inflamma¬ 
tion and ulceration, he was unconscious 
of pain and felt no inconvenience, only 
suffering from a severe headache. Post¬ 
mortem examinations of persons who have 
died of delirium tremens usually disclose 
the stomach black with mortification. 

11. Drunkard’s Dvsrepsta. —A drunk¬ 
ard is certain to become a dyspeptic. 
Alcohol tans the stomach, rendering it 
inactive, and causing atrophy of the 
glands which form the gastric juice, thus 
diminishing the supply of this digestive 
fluid. Alcohol precipitates the pepsin 
from the gastric juice, and so renders 
useless that which is secreted. Digestion 
cannot progress while alcohol is in the 
stomach ; hence it is delayed until the 
poison can be absorbed. 

The Effects of Alcohol upon Digestion. 
— Professor Kochlakoff, of St. Petersburg, 
has experimented on five healthy persons, 
aged from twenty to twenty-four years, 
with reference to the effects of alcohol 
upon digestion. Ten minutes before 
each meal, each person was given about 
three ounces of alcoholic liquor, contain¬ 
ing from five to fifty per cent, of alcohol, 
which is about the proportion found in 
ordinary liquors. The following results 
were obtained : — 

‘‘Under the influence of alcohol the 
acidity of the gastric juice and the quan¬ 
tity of hydrochloric acid, as well as the 
digestive power of the gastric juice, are 
diminished. This enfeebling of the di¬ 
gestion is especially pronounced in per¬ 
sons unaccustomed to the use of alcohol.” 

Dr. Figg, of Edinburgh, made the fol¬ 
lowing experiments, to test the effect of 
alcohol upon digestion : He fed two dogs 
equal quantities of roast mutton. He 
then administered to one dog, by pass¬ 
ing a tube into the stomach, one and one- 



A Healthy Stomach. 



The Ulcerated Stomach of a 
Habitual Drunkard. 



The Stomach of a Moderate Drinker. 



The Stomach in Delirium 
Tremens. 



) 





















THE EVIL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL, 


27 


fourth ounces of alcohol. After five 
hours both dogs were killed and exam¬ 
ined. The one which had taken no alco¬ 
hol was found to have digested the meal 
entirely, whereas digestion had scarcely 
begun in the animal to which alcohol had 
been administered. 

Several years ago, the writer made an 
experiment for the purpose of determin¬ 
ing the influence of alcohol upon diges¬ 
tion, in the following manner : A young 
man was given a test meal consisting of 
an ounce and a half of bread and two 
ounces of water. At the end of one hour 
the digesting food was removed from the 
stomach, and the progress of digestion 
carefully noted. The experiment was re¬ 
peated upon the same young man, two 
ounces of water being replaced by an 
equal quantity of claret, when it was 
found that the amount of digestive work 
was reduced to one third of the former 
amount. Repeating the experiment again, 
replacing two ounces of water by an equal 


quantity of brandy, the digestive work 
accomplished was found to be less than 
one eighth the normal amount, the stom¬ 
ach being almost completely paralyzed. 

12. Alcoholic Insanity.— The con¬ 
dition of a man under the influence of 
liquor is precisely that of an insane man. 
as regards his mind. When getting drunk 
is frequently repeated, the condition of 
the mind induced by drink may become 
permanent, making the individual a fit 
subject for an insane asylum. 

Intemperance, more than any other 
cause, fills our lunatic and idiotic asylums. 
According to the statistics of insanity in 
France, thirty-four per cent, of the cases 
of lunacy among males is due to in¬ 
temperance. One half of the inmates of 
the Dublin insane asylum owe their dis¬ 
ease to the use of liquor. Lord Shaftes¬ 
bury, chairman of the English commission 
on lunacy, in his report to Parliament, 
stated that six out of every ten lunatics 
in the asylums were made such by alcohol. 


(To be continueit.) 


The International Anti-Alcohol Con¬ 
gress. 

From the report in the British Med¬ 
ical Journal of this congress, held last 
August in Brussels, we gather the follow¬ 
ing statements made by members of the 
congress : — 

Dr. Motet, of the Paris Academy of 
Medicine, in his address on “Alcohol, 
the Family, and the Working Classes,*^ 
pointed out the fact that the loss to the 
exchequer which it was said would result 
from the general prevalence of temper¬ 
ance principles was largely imaginary, 
inasmuch as the bulk of the revenue 
derived from the sale of intoxicating 
liquors had to be expended by the state 
in the discharge of the burdens imposed 


upon it by the consequences of alco¬ 
holism. 

Dr, Destr^e dwelt on the unfavorable 
influence of alcohol on work, whether of 
mind or body. 

Dr. De Boeck related experiments on 
students, which went to show that alco¬ 
hol, even in small doses, tends to para¬ 
lyze the higher cerebral centers. 

M. Roubinovitch gave an account of a 
systematic effort to check intemperance 
by teaching in schools; the experience of 
a three years' propaganda of this kind 
had convinced him of its efficacy. 

Mr. J. Whyte, of Manchester, gave 
statistics from the Rechabite societies, 
showing the greater longevity of total 
abstainers. 



WHOOPING-COUGH: ITS PREVENTION AND 
TREATMENT. 

BY KATE LINDSAY. M. D. 


As whooping-cough is due to a specific 
germ, and every case is contracted from 
some other case, the first thing in order 
to prevent infection is to keep those likely 
to be susceptible to the disease from 
coming in contact with those who already 
have it. This should always be done if 
possible in the case of children under five 
years of age, and especially those under 
two years. If proper care were exercised 
in this respect, the mortality from whoop¬ 
ing-cough would be very much decreased. 
Children who have recently suffered from 
measles are very susceptible to whooping- 
cough, so they should be guarded from 
infection with especial care, as they are 
likely to have the disease in a very severe 
form, and also to suffer from complica¬ 
tions. Children who have had rickets, 
or who have a tendency to scrofula or 
tuberculosis, are also very likely to have 
the disease in a severe form; many cases 
of this kind proving fatal either from 
acute lung complications during the active 
period of the disease, or from consump¬ 
tion developing soon after the attack. 
Children who have had rheumatism with 
heart complications also suffer severely 
from whooping-cough, the weakened heart 
not being able to endure the strain due to 
the spasms of coughing. In such cases 
dropsy often sets in, with increasing 
shortness of breath, until the patient 
finally dies from bronchitis or heart 
failure. 

As the disease is more likely to prove 
fatal when contracted in the autumn or 
winter than in the spring, it is very neces¬ 
sary to take special care to prevent chil¬ 
dren likely to have the disease in a severe 
form from exposure to the contagion at 
these seasons. As the disease is contagious 


during a very long period,— six weeks 
or two months,— it is often very difficult 
to avoid exposure to it, especially when 
it becomes epidemic in a neighborhood. 
If the older children of a family are found 
to have contracted the disease at school, 
it is best to remove the baby from the 
house, if possible, before it is exposed. 
Such a thing may appear absurd to some; 
but when the risk to life in the case of an 
infant is considered, it is worth while to 
make an effort to save it, even if some 
trouble and expense are incurred. 

After children have been exposed to 
the infection, there are still many things 
which can be done to lessen the severity 
of the attack. As the bronchitis which 
always accompanies the whooping-cough, 
and is the most frequent cause of a fatal 
termination, is greatly aggravated by any 
disturbance of digestion, it is very im¬ 
portant that the stomach be not over¬ 
loaded with food. The poisons formed 
by decaying food in the stomach and 
intestines, after passing into the circula¬ 
tion and through the liver, are conveyed 
by the blood current to the lungs, being 
thence spread out into the capillaries of 
the air-cells and eliminated into the cell 
cavities, irritating the mucous surfaces 
of the air passages, and aggravating the 
already existing bronchitis. These poi¬ 
sons also disturb the nervous system, and 
increase the tendency to convulsions, 
which are so likely to prove fatal to 
children under two years old. 

The overdistention of the stomach from 
gas also increases the severity and fre¬ 
quency of the coughing in the second, or 
spasmodic, stage of the disease; and as 
the contents of the stomach are usually 
rejected at each paroxysm of coughing, 


38 


WHOOPING-COUGH: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 29 


the little one may become exhausted for 
want of the ability to retain sufficient food 
to nourish it. In such cases it is often 
best to give the stomach a rest, and ad¬ 
minister nutriment by means of the enema 
for a day or two, after which fluid food 
easy of digestion may be given in small 
quantities. If taken shortly after the 
termination of the coughing fits, which 
occur somewhat periodically in this dis¬ 
ease, the food will be more likely to be 
retained. The tubes are then compara¬ 
tively free from the secretions which 
characterize the disease, and are much 
less likely to be irritated by the taking of 
food ; and if simple in kind, it may have 
time to be digested and absorbed before 
the next paroxysm. 

The writer is convinced that one of the 
chief causes of the great mortality of 
infants and small children from whoop¬ 
ing-cough is unwise feeding. The baby 
becomes thirsty and cries for water, and 
the feeding-bottle or the breast is given 
instead of water. Its thirst leads it to 
nurse in a hurried and nervous manner, 
and to add. more food to spoil in the 
already overloaded stomach. This will 
cause the coughing fits to occur more 
frequently, and if the food is not thrown 
up, it may cause a fatal convulsion. In 
other cases it increases the fever, and may 
result in serious organic disease of the 
kidneys. Eternal vigilance must be prac¬ 
tised by the mother or nurse as to the 
child’s diet from the time of the exposure 
until the termination of the third stage of 
the disease, and the restoration to normal 
health. As in all cases of disease, the 
digestive powers are much impaired. A 
child a year old may be unable to digest 
more than one of three or four months 
when in health, and should be fed ac¬ 
cordingly. It is not the amount swal¬ 
lowed that nourishes the body, but the 
food digested and assimilated. 

The child suffering from whooping- 


cough should have the purest air possible. 
In cold, damp weather, it will be neces¬ 
sary to keep the patient indoors, but the 
room should be well ventilated, and the 
air kept moist and at a temperature of 
about 70° F. It is better to have two 
rooms, one for the night and one for the 
day, so that each may receive a thorough 
airing. As the infectious matter is found 
in both the expectorations and the breath, 
the sputum should be destroyed and the 
room kept free from dust by going over 
the walls and floors daily with a damp 
cloth wet with some disinfectant. The 
bedding should be thoroughly aired, and 
if soiled with discharges, washed at once. 
This is very important, as the patient 
may keep reinfecting himself by breath¬ 
ing in the dust the infection which he has 
once thrown off. 

In warm weather whooping-cough pa¬ 
tients can usually spend a good deal of 
time in the open air. Care should, how¬ 
ever, be taken to have them come in 
when the evening damps begin to fall, 
and to avoid exposure to cold early in 
the morning. While they should be given 
the benefit of change of air and allowed 
to go out in the sunshine on mild days 
even in winter, they should not be per¬ 
mitted, even in the mildest cases of the 
disease, to go out when the weather is 
wet and stormy. Cold winds and damp¬ 
ness will aggravate all the symptoms, and 
taking cold is often a very grave compli¬ 
cation in whooping-cough, especially when 
the patient is a young or feeble child. 

It is important all through this disease 
to keep the nose and throat clean and as 
aseptic as possible. For this purpose 
there is nothing better than the hydrozone 
spray, one part of hydrozone to from six 
to eight of water. This spray may be 
used once in two or three hours, and 
applied just after a coughing fit. The 
nose and lips should be moistened with 
vaseline or sweet-oil after the spraying. 


30 WHOOP/NG’COUGH: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT 


All dust and anything which would be 
likely to prove an irritant to the nose or 
throat should be avoided, as well as any¬ 
thing likely to excite the nerves. Crying, 
laughing, loud talking, and running, as 
well as any mental excitement, will pre¬ 
cipitate an attack of coughing. 

During the spasmodic stage a young 
child should have some one to hold, com¬ 
fort, and encourage it, as young children 
of a nervous temperament often become 
very much frightened when the coughing 
fits are unusually hard, which adds to the 
severity of the paroxysm. If they know 
that they have some one to cling to, they 
feel safer and less frightened. Older 
children should be instructed to restrain 
the cough as much as possible. 

Sometimes there is a spasm of the 
glottis during the coughing fit, and the 
little one is in danger from strangulation 
unless the spasm can be overcome. Tick¬ 
ling the throat with a feather, and hold¬ 
ing the tongue forward and the head 
downward, so that the mucus can run out 
of the mouth, will often give relief. If 
these simple measures fail, hot and cold 
should be applied to the spine, also mas¬ 
sage to the throat, spine, and chest. A 
moist pack worn over the chest at night 
will often enable the patient to get a good 
night’s rest. In some cases an ice-bag to 
♦he spine and fomentations to the chest 
and throat will relieve the symptoms and 
render breathing easier ; in other cases 
most relief is obtained by cold applied to 
the chest and throat, and heat to the 
spine. Inhalations of steam, alone or 
medicated with benzoin tincture, turpen¬ 
tine, menthol, eucalyptol, or the like, 
sometimes give temporary relief, and 
tend also to disinfect and smooth the 
mucous surfaces. 

When there are evidences of a ten¬ 
dency to congestion of the brain, as 
manifested by the livid look of the face 
and the stupor after each coughing spell, 


the feet should be put in warm water, and 
the head and spine alternately rubbed, or 
better still, sprayed alternately with hot 
and cold water. This will tend to keep 
the blood flowing through the smaller ves¬ 
sels, and in this way serious damage to 
the brain may be avoided. 

Nosebleed is quite a common symp¬ 
tom during whooping-cough, and if it 
does not occur too often, or is of small 
amount, it may do no harm, in some 
cases even giving relief from the intense 
congestion j but at other times the blood 
comes in large amounts with every cough¬ 
ing fit, and so weakens the patient that he 
becomes pale.and bloodless. A foot bath 
and hot applications to the back of the 
neck and over the nose, will often arrest 
the bleeding. In severe cases it may be 
necessary to close the nasal cavities, but 
this should be avoided if possible, as the 
foreign body in the nostrils often acts as 
an irritant, causing extra fits of coughing, 
which will, in turn, tend to increase the 
bleeding. In one case the writer found 
the nosebleed relieved after a full enema, 
the patient having been very constipated 
and having had no action of the bowels 
for several days. The coughing fits were 
not of unusual severity, but with each the 
blood would spurt from both nostrils, and 
there had been so many hemorrhages that 
the patient was very pale and bloodless. 
When the bowels were relieved, there was 
a very marked improvement in the case ; 
and being an average healthy boy of ten, 
he soon began to recover from his blood¬ 
lessness, and in a short time was able to 
get out of doors. 

If the digestive organs are kept in good 
condition, there is usually no danger in a 
case of whooping-cough, even in the 
youngest child \ but it is a disease which 
runs a course of many weeks, and it is 
very important that the nutrition should 
be kept up. In every case the diet should 
be simple and easy of digestion. Older 


WHOOPING-COUGH: ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. 31 


children should be instructed to expecto¬ 
rate, and never swallow the poisonous 
discharges to infect the stomach. In¬ 
fants and young children do not, of 
course, know how^ to do this, but the 
vomiting usually present at the parox¬ 
ysms of coughing frees the stomach from 
the morbid secretions. 

In winter, especially, older children are 
often allowed recklessly to expose them¬ 
selves during an attack of whooping- 
cough. When the disease is of a mild 
form, the parents, thinking the child is 
hardy, will frequently allow him to go 
out of doors in all kinds of weather, and 
to get chilled and wet. The writer knew 
a case where a healthy boy of twelve in 
the third stage of a mild case of whoop¬ 
ing-cough contracted pneumonia which 
proved fatal on the fourth day, from ex¬ 
posure in a snowball match on a cold, 
wet March day. In damp or cold 
weather children should wear woolen 
clothing, and care should be taken to 
keep the feet dry and warm; but while 
the little patients should be carefully pro¬ 
tected from cold and dampness, to shut 
them up in badly ventilated rooms is still 
worse. The cause of the great mortality 
from this disease in city tenements is foul 
air. Many times a change of location, if 
it can be made without exposing others to 
the disease, will place an apparently hope¬ 
less case out of danger. 

It often happens that a case of whoop¬ 
ing-cough will be followed by a period of 
nervous depression, want of ap|>etite, and 
continued emaciation. The cough and 
other acute symptoms subside, but the 
strength, flesh, and appetite are not re¬ 
gained, and often there is a chronic 
cough, which is aggravated every time 
the patient takes cold. Even the whoop 
will return at times. All these symptoms 
may, however, be present without any 


serious disorder of the lungs or any other 
vital organ. They are most likely to ap¬ 
pear in young children and infants who 
have contracted the disease in the late 
fall months or the winter. The patient 
often does not begin to gain much until 
after the warm spring weather sets in and 
he can get out in the open air. In such 
cases tonic treatment should be given, 
such as a cold or tepid spray and massage 
daily, or hot and cold spray to spine and 
oil rub daily, also sun-baths, and exercise 
in the open air in dry weather. Often a 
carriage ride or a visit to some friend will 
apparently be the starting-point on the 
way to health. Some change in surround¬ 
ings seems to be needed to encourage the 
depressed organs to perform their func¬ 
tional work normally, and the change in 
environment proves just the stimulus 
needed to both mind and body. 

As whooping-cough is a disease in 
which the majority of cases are cared for 
by the parents, it is an important matter 
that home treatment should be of the 
proper kind. It is a disease from which 
result many complications which are lia¬ 
ble to impair the health in after life. As 
most of these complications are due to 
errors of diet, bad air, or exposure, the 
most important measures of treatment in 
a typical case may be summed up in 
proper dieting, keeping the rooms where 
the patient lives well ventilated and free 
from infection, and protecting him from 
exposure. Especial care should be exer¬ 
cised in the latter respect in the winter. 
The bronchial tubes and the lungs are 
always weak after whooping-cough, as the 
infection produces catarrhal inflammation 
of the raucous surfaces of the air-pas- 
sages ; thus a patient who has recently 
recovered from whooping-cough is likely 
to have measles or any other eruptive dis¬ 
ease in an especially severe form. 


BREAKFAST. 


T 


ilT II 5(-xisoncible 

Bills or Fape 


Fresh Fruit Cerealine with Grape Sauce 

Macaroni Baked with Granola 
Baked Apples 
Whole wheat Puffs with 
Stewed Fruit 


DINNER. 

Vegetable Oyster Soup 

potato Stewed with Nultose Baked Cabbage Canned Green Peas 

Wheatose with Cream Whole-Wheat Bread 

Stewed Apples Brown Betty 



BREAKFAST. 


DINNER. 


Fresh Fruit 
Oatmeal with Apple 
Vegetable Oyster Toast 
Toasted Granose 
Biscuit 
Corn Puffs 
Stewed Fruit 


Split Pea Soup 
Baked Sweet Potato 
Escalloped Tomato Mashed Parsnip 
Pearled Wheat 

Stewed Cranberry Apple Granose Dessert 
Graham Bread 


RECIPES. 


Cerealine Flakes. — Into one measure 
of boiling liquid stir an equal measure of 
cerealine flakes, and cook in a double 
boiler from one half to three fourths of 
an hour. Cerealine with a dressing of 
grape juice makes a most palatable dish. 

Macaroni Baked with Granola. — Break 
into pieces about an inch in length suffi¬ 
cient macaroni to fill a large cup, and 
cook until tender. When done, drain, 
and put a layer of the macaroni in the 
bottom of an earthen pudding-dish, and 
sprinkle over it a scant teaspoonful of 
granola. Add a second and third layer, 
and sprinkle each with granola ; then 
turn over the whole a custard sauce pre- 
pared by mixing together a pint of milk, 
the well-beaten yolks of two eggs or one 
whole egg, and one fourth of a teaspoon* 
ful of salt. Care should be taken to ar¬ 


range the macaroni in layers loosely, so 
that the sauce will readily permeate the 
whole. Bake for a few minutes only, un¬ 
til the custard has well set, and serve. 
If wanted for breakfast, the macaroni 
should be cooked the day before. 

Oatmeal with Apple. — Cold oatmeal 
which has been left over may be made 
into an appetizing dish by molding in 
alternate layers with nicely steamed tart 
apples, sprinkled lightly with sugar. 
Other cooked fruits, such as cherries, 
evaporated peaches, and apricots, may be 
used in the same way. 

Vegetable Oyster Toast. — Cook a quart 
of cleaned, sliced vegetable oysters in a 
quart of water until very tender; add a 
pint and a half of rich milk, salt to taste, 
and thicken the whole with two table¬ 
spoonfuls of flour rubbed to a smooth 


33 













RECIPES. 


33 


paste with a little milk. Let it boil for 
a few minutes, and serve as a dressing on 
slices of well-browned toast previously 
moistened with hot water or cream. 

Vegetable Oyster Soup, — Scrape all the 
outer skin and small rootlets from vege¬ 
table oysters, and lay them in a pan of 
cold water to prevent discoloration. The 
scraping can be done much easier if the 
roots are allowed first to stand in cold 
water for an hour or so. Slice rather 
thin, enough to make one quart, and put 
to cook in a quart of water. Let them 
boil slowly until very tender. Add a 
pint of milk, a cup of thin cream, salt, 
and when boiling, a tablespoonful or two 
of flour, rubbed to a cream with a little 
milk. Let the soup boil a few minutes 
until thickened, and serve. 

Potato Stew with Nut lose, — Prepare 
the nuttose by cutting in small cubes or 
slices, and putting to stew in a sufficient 
amount of water to cover an inch deep. 
Stew slowly for an hour or more. When 
nearly done, add some thinly sliced pota¬ 
toes, and cook together until the potatoes 
are tender. There should be enough 
liquor in the nuttose so that additional 
liquid will not be needed for the potatoes. 
Season with salt, and serve. 

Baked Cabbage, — Chop cabbage fine, 
and cook in boiling water twenty minutes. 
Drain in a colander. To one quart of 
the cooked cabbage add a cupful of water 
in which has been dissolved a dessert¬ 
spoonful of nut butter, two well-beaten 
eggs, and the juice of one lemon. Add 
salt to taste. Mix thoroughly, and bake 
in a double baker until the cabbage is 
thoroughly done and the egg well cooked. 


Brown Betty. — Chop together one part 
seeded raisins and two parts good tart ap¬ 
ples. Fill a pudding-dish with alternate 
layers of the fruit and bread crumbs, fin* 
ishing with the bread crumbs on top. 
LTnless the apples are very juicy, mois¬ 
ten the whole with a tablespoonful of 
lemon-juice in a cup of cold water, for a 
pudding filling a three-pint dish. Cover 
the dish, and place it in a moderate oven 
in a pan of hot water, and bake nearly an 
hour ; then remove from the pan, un¬ 
cover, and brown nicely. Serve warm 
with cream and sugar, or with an orange 
or lemon sauce. Stoned cherries may be 
used in place of the apples and raisins. 
In that case, each layer of fruit should 
be sprinkled lightly with sugar, and the 
water omitted. 

Apple Granose Dessert, — Prepare a fruit 
pulp by rubbing stewed tart apples through 
a colander \ sweeten to taste, and evapo¬ 
rate to about the consistency of marma¬ 
lade. Spread a thin layer of dry granose 
in the bottom of a pudding-dish ; add a 
layer of the fruit pulp, then a layer of 
granose. Fill the dish with alternate lay¬ 
ers of fruit and granose, finishing with a 
layer of granose on the top. Let it stand 
for an hour or so, until the granose flakes 
have become slightly moistened. Cut in 
squares and serve. In its perfection this 
dish should be neither mushy nor varie¬ 
gated with dry granose, but each flake 
throughout should be delicately mois¬ 
tened with the fruit pulp. Thus it will 
be if care is taken in the preparation of 
the fruit pulp, and no more granose used 
than the fruit can moisten. 


Diet to be Determined by Exercise. 

Henry A. Griffin, M. D., in an article 
on •♦Foods,” in the Independent^ says: — 
*♦ Emphasis must be laid upon an evil 


which is far too prevalent, and of which 
investigators and writers upon dietetics are 
constantly urging abatement. This is the 
tendency to overeat. It is no easy thing 
perhaps to sit before a table groaning with 



34 


DIET TO BE DETERMINED BY EXERCISE. 


good things and surrounded by those who, 
like ourselves, enjoy them, and then to 
practise moderation ; but while overin¬ 
dulgence may go unpunished for a time, 
sooner or later, if food be taken in excess 
of the demands of the body and purely 
at the instigation of the appetite, a day 
of retribution will come when, in bilious 
misery, if no worse, we realize that 
-enough is sufficient. How much each 
should eat will be a matter for each to 
determine by experience. The young 
properly eat more in proportion to their 
size than those of full growth, because 
like all young animals they are more act¬ 
ive, and therefore have more waste to 
repair. Further than that, however, in 
them the repair of waste is not sufficient, 
ior growth must also be provided for, 
.and hence a ‘hearty appetite^ in child¬ 
hood is — within limits — a thing to be 
•encouraged. In full growth, however, 
-of necessity the food is taken only to re¬ 
pair waste, and the amount to be taken 
<an readily be determined by each indi¬ 


vidual. In old age the requirement for 
food is still less, for with advancing years 
there is less exercise. A small amount 
of food will therefore suffice to maintain 
the nutrition of the aged, though, owing 
to the digestive enfeeblement of old age, 
that little should be simple, nourishing, 
and susceptible of easy digestion. . . . 

‘‘Diet should wait on exercise j for, 
manifestly, if food is taken to provide 
the means for vital power, shown in 
motion, and little motion is required, 
then little food should be used, and that 
of the least hearty kinds, else a harmful 
accumulation. To feed the laborer and 
the student alike would b^ foii^ 
tissue waste of the 

that of the sedentary liver is very small 
indeed ; and yet the laborer may not 
have the requisite to eat, while the man 
of little physical occupation may eat to 
excess, simply because his appetite de¬ 
ludes him into the idea that he needs 
food, which straightway he takes and in 
consequence suffers.^* 


HOW PRUNES ARE HARVESTED. 


The magnitude of the pnine industry 
of California is little realized by the peo¬ 
ple of the Eastern States. In a decade 
the growing of prunes has gone forward 
in California by leaps and bounds, and 
to-day twenty million dollars is invested 
in it; that is, in lands, trees, irrigation 
systems, agricultural tools, and packing¬ 
houses. 

The most important prune growing sec¬ 
tion in America is Santa Clara county, 
in the region round about San Jose. The 
area devoted to growing prunes in Santa 
Clara county is one hundred and five 
thousand acres, which produced twenty- 
two thousand tons of prunes last year. 
Several of the orchards there are by all 
odds the largest in the world, consisting 
of four hundred and fifty to five hundred 


acres each, with forty-five to fifty thou¬ 
sand trees. In the Sacramento valley 
there are several prune orchards of one 
hundred to one hundred and fifty acres 
each, and the total yield of prunes in that 
locality each year is about fourteen thou¬ 
sand tons. 

The harvesting of the prune crop, which 
takes place in August, is a season of great 
importance, and the scenes in the orchard 
and in the drying fields are such as to be 
remembered. Thousands of men, women, 
and children throughout the valleys of cen¬ 
tral and southern California are busy in 
the prune orchards and at the fruit-pack¬ 
ing houses in these days. This is the sea¬ 
son to which the people in the horticultural 
districts of the State look for earning 
money. 



HOW PRUNES ARE HA R FES TED. 


35 


A prune orchard in itself is one of the 
raost beautiful things in the realm of 
horticulture, and when the throngs of 
workers are there, it is an interesting 
sight. The thousands of trees are planted 
in long rows, so equidistant one from the 
other and in such symmetry that one may 
look in any direction among them and 
the alinement is perfect. The ground is 
soft and even, and the years of monthly 
cultivation have made it so smooth that 
not even a pebble or a clod or a blade of 
grass or the smallest weed is to be seen 
anywhere. 

When the fruit grower, who has been 
daily watching the process of ripening his 
crop, finds that the fruit is so thoroughly 
ripened as to be soft to the touch, he em¬ 
ploys a force of workers. Great sheets 
of cheap cloth are laid on the ground 
beneath the trees. Strong men shake the 
trees, and boys shake the branches so 
that the prunes may fall. The sheets are 
gathered up at the ends, and the fallen 
fruit poured into padded boxes, so as to 
avoid handling as much as possible. Tree 


after tree is treated in this way once each 
day until the crop is gathered. The 
operation is often repeated once a day 
for twenty days before all the prunes are 
harvested. 

Meanwhile, the fruit has been carried 
to the washing-boxes and the dripping- 
caldrons. The prunes are put into great 
heavy wire cages, holding several hundred 
pounds each, and are dipped into running; 
water, where the dirt is first washed away. 
In a moment more the cage is elevated on 
a frame and let down into a caldron of 
hot water, heavy with concentrated lye. 
The purpose of this operation is to remove- 
the bloom and crack the skin that envel¬ 
ops the flesh of the prune, in order that 
the drying process may take place more 
rapidly. In its natural state the skin is so 
smooth and tough that it would take a 
week to dry the fruit properly for market. 

From the caldrons of hot lye-water the 
cages are lifted again, and plunged into 
clean hot water, so that the lye may be 
washed away and a gloss given to the 
fruit. — Chicago Record. 


The Total Nutritive Value of Common Percent. 


Per cent- 


Food Substances. 


Grains. Per cent. 


Wheat, Poland. 

.. 86.8 

Mich. White..... 

.. 85.5 

•• Uiehle.... 

. 87.8 

Japanese. 

.. H4.7 

Rye, Winter. 

.. 89.8 

German. 


Barley. 

82.2 

So. Russian. 

,, 86. 

Oats. 

.. 80.1 

Corn. Flint. 


Dent.. 

.. 84.4 

Sweet.. 

83.7 

Rice. 

.. 66.0 

Millet. 


Buckwheat. 

.. 85.6 



Ff.OIJK. 

Graham. 

.. 85.1 

Whc.'it. 

.. 88 2 

Rye. 

84.7 

Barley. 

-- 84.7 

Oat. 


Com. 


Buckwheat. 

. 85.8 

Bean.. 

88. 

Pea. 


Banana . 

.. 83.5 

Arrowroot. 


Breads. 

Burley. . . 


Whole Wheat. 



Pet cent. 


White. 

54.9 

Rve. . . 

. 57«2 

Swedish Speisc Brod.. 

. 87* 

Zwieback, White. 

. 85.2 

Kye... 

83.7 

Macaroni. 

Manna ..... 

. 86.0 
74.6 

Fresh Fruits. 


.Apple. 

. 13*7 

.Apricot. 

» 3*5 

Blackberry. 

6.6 

Banana . 

26.7 

Cherry. 

. 14.8 

Cranberry. 

. 4 .t 

Currant.. 

. 10.7 

Cir.-ipc. 

. iK.9 

Gooseberry. 

. 10.8 

Pear. 

. 12.4 

Prune . 

. 13.4 

Plum. 

. 10.8 

Peach . 


Raspberry. 

• 6.9 

StrawbeiTj'. 

. 10.1 

Whortleberry. 

. 9.3 

Dried Fruits. 


Prune. 

. 69.2 

Pear. 


Apple*. 

Cherry. 


Raisin . 

. 66.3 

Fig. 

. $6.7 

Dale. 

. 67. 


Chestnut. 

. 89*3 

Walnut. 

88.2 

Hazelnut. 

. 89.7 

Sweet Almonds. 

. 87.3 

Peanut. 

. 79’6 

Cocoanut. 

, 50-5 

Sirup. 

. 75-4 

Honey. 

. 79-4 

Vegetables. 


Carrot.. 


Winter Cabbage. 

. 18.1 

Red Cabbage. 

. 8.7 

White •• . 

. 8.2 

Spinach... 


Celery... 


Head Lettuce. 


Potato. 


White Turnip. 

. S .4 

Beet. 


Sugar Beet. 

. 16.8 

Parsnip. 

10. 

Sweet Potato. 


Cucumber..... 


Asparagus. 

. 5.3 

Cauliflower. 

,. 8.2 

Melon. 

. 8.2 

Squash...... 

. 8.5 

Onion. 


Pumpkin. 

. 8.5 

Tomato. 



Peas, Green, Garden... 

19.7- 

Small. 

83-5 

African. 

90.2: 

Green Shelled. 

84.1 

Beans, field. 

78.5. 

French or Kidney. 85.* 

White. 

82. i- 

Lima. 

87. 

Siring Beans. 

XO.l 

Lentils. 

83.8^ 

German. 

74.7 

Milk and Butter. 

Cow's milk.. 

» 4 * 

Cream. 

34- 

Swedish Butler. 

Bo.y 

French “ . 

87,4 

Cheese, Stilton. 

68. 

Skimmed Milk. 

10.4 

Buttermilk. 

9 »*' 

Milk of Cow-tree. 

40 . 3 ' 

M eats. 


Lean Beef. 

28. 

Lean Mutton. 

sS. 

Veal. 


Pork. 

61. 

Poultry. 

36. 

While Fish. 

92 . 

Salmon. 

« 3 - 

Entire F.gi;. 

a6. 

While of Egg. 

99. 

Yolk of Egg. 

48. 


— Science in the Kitchen.^* 

















































































































PREVENTIVE WORK IN THE PROMOTION OF PURITY. 


nv MRS. E. E. KFLI.OGU. 


The more we study the subjectj the 
firmer grows the conviction that one of 
the strongest allies for the promotion of 
purity and the rooting out of evil lies 
in the home training of the child. Few 
other influences have such power to keep 
an individual in the paths of rectitude as 
that of right home training. It gives text¬ 
ure to the whole warp and woof of char¬ 
acter. 

Psycologists tell us that the mind re¬ 
ceives more impressions in the first seven 
than in all the after years of life. This 
susceptible formative period belongs es¬ 
pecially to the parents and the home. We 
say parents, for while the mother’s work 
is rightly esteemed the supremest work 
for the child, the true home training in¬ 
volves the father^s influence and co-opera¬ 
tion. In these impressionable years the 
seeds of both good and evil take deeper 
root in the character, because the child 
is lacking in the power of resistance 
which comes with later years. 

Herein lies the parents’ wondrous op¬ 
portunity so to preoccupy the soil with 
good that there will be no room for evil; 
so to nourish and cultivate right inclina¬ 
tions that wrong ones will die out. Even 
inherited tendencies may be overcome or 
greatly modified by careful home training. 
If a child has inherited a tendency to some 
disease, the watchful physician directs his 
treatment toward building him up where 
he most needs it, by supplying him with 
such conditions as will strengthen the 
weak points. Other perverse tendencies, 
inherited or acquired, must be treated in 
like manner by developing the strength 
within so that it shall dominate over 
weakness; by inspiring such a love for 
that which is pure and good that evil will 
be distasteful; by so accustoming the 


child to a pure moral atmosphere that 
he cannot breathe freely in any other. To 
thus intercept temptation for their chil¬ 
dren and to build up the wall within at 
the points where it is weakest becomes to 
parents a perpetual, every-day problem. 
The evil influences with which they have 
to cope come into their children’s lives 
with muffled tread, often so wholly un¬ 
suspected by the unobservant parent that 
they are full grown before they are recog¬ 
nized. Yet the change from virtue to 
vice is never a sudden one. A long pre¬ 
paratory process goes on in the heart 
before the individual commits open 
sin. How clearly with this thought 
do we face the great, special need of 
parenthood; that of learning to know 
their children, of studying to understand 
their real inward life,— their tastes and 
tendencies; their aspirations and weak¬ 
nesses,— just as they seek to know their 
bodily necessities, that they may recog¬ 
nize the leadings toward vice and check 
them at the outset. Only by keeping the 
closest intimacy with their children, by 
being in full sympathy with them, in other 
words, ‘‘living with them, ” is this pos¬ 
sible. 

The wise parent who establishes such 
an intimate fellowship with his children 
finds in it a wall of adamant against the 
influence of vice. Such a relation, how¬ 
ever, requires much painstaking effort 
and self-sacrifice on the part of the par¬ 
ent to perpetuate, for it must be a con¬ 
tinuous, not a spasmodic, relation ; and 
just here lies the secret of so many shad¬ 
owed homes, so many parental failures, 
in the unwillingness of the parents to sac¬ 
rifice the love of personal ease and enjoy¬ 
ment, to set aside the so-called demands 
of society, the engrossments of business, 


36 


PREVENTIVE WORK IN PURITY. 


37 


or other of their own selfish ends, for 
the children. 

It is so much easier to turn the little 
ones out of doors to hunt up their own 
amusement than to take the time to direct 
and instruct them ; so much less trouble 
to allow them to select their own com¬ 
panions than to accord them one’s own 
personal companionship, that a danger¬ 
ously large proportion of parents share 
the feelings and sentiments of a mother 
who when asked by a friend concerning 
the welfare of her five little ones, replied : 

Oh, I am so thankful to have them out 
of the way that I do not trouble myself 
to find out where they are so long as they 
are well, and come for their meals at the 
proper time, and are in season to go to 
bed at night.” One shudders to think of 
the risks such mothers are taking and the 
opportunities they are losing, when it is 
remembered that before the child is ten 
years old, parents will have done half 
they will ever be able to do toward the 
formation of his character. 

Let the early years thus slip silently by 
unimproved, and the whole after period of 
the child’s life must needs be spent in en¬ 
deavors to uproot the tares and weeds the 
enemy will not fail to sow while parents 
are asleep to duty. It is far easier and 
safer to prevent evil than to correct it. 

The preventive work to be done for the 
child must be twofold. To guard the 
outer approaches of character, seeking 
immunity from vice by efforts to keep it 
out of sight and knowledge, is not suffi¬ 
cient, for, as Emerson says, there is no 
wall which love can build around its ob¬ 
ject strong enough and high enough to 
keep out temptation. The wall must be 
within, else sooner or later the citadel 
yields to the enemy. Right desires must 
be created, right habits established, the 
mind must be filled with that which is 
pure and lovely. The time likewise must 
be filled with that which is good and use¬ 


ful. Something will fill the time; if it 
be not good, it will be evil. There is no 
surer moral safeguard than wholesome 
occupation of the mind and body. 
Many a prodigal daughter who walks 
our streets to-day with bold, brazen face 
would walk with the honest, steadfast gaze 
and tread that comes from victory if, when 
the crucial time came, there had been one 
thing she had been trained to do well by 
which she could have earned a livelihood. 
Active hands and minds will not find 
time to heed every temptation which the 
enemy suggests ; but idle hands and brains 
are the tempter’s ready tools. Much of 
the danger which threatens the youth of 
both sexes lies in the lack of training in 
industry. Idleness is a plain invitation 
to vice. 

If properly alternated with play, work 
will become as truly recreative as play 
itself. Little by little it prepares the 
growing child for the practical duties of 
life, and brings him in contact with them 
as fast as he is qualified to discharge 
them. Work comes then to be welcomed 
as a blessing instead of a hardship, and 
is made honorable by being honored by 
those who do it. Looking along the vista 
of his future years, can we not see what 
an array of demoralizing influences such 
a training in industry would forestall? 

Both boys and girls should be trained 
in domestic work; both boys and girls 
should be taught the use of tools, garden¬ 
ing, and similar occupations. Infuse into 
the children’s minds the thought that no 
honest work is degrading ; that it is neither 
unmanly to wash dishes or darn stockings 
nor unwomanly to drive a nail or weed the 
garden ; that the ability to do the work 
and the need of its being done is the 
criterion by which to determine whether 
or not they shall do it. Make the distinc¬ 
tion of sex as small as possible in the 
home training of boys and girls, and 
there will be less feeling of inequality 


PREVENTIVE WORK IN PURITY, 


38 

to contend with as they advance in years. 

Another of the many links in the chain 
of home influences which are Helps or hin¬ 
drances to a life of purity is the habitual 
diet of the child. Nothing tends more 
effectively to keep the animal impulses in 
abeyance than simple, non-stimulating 
food. 

A clergyman who had thought much 
upon these subjects tells of a father who 
was sorely tried over his little son. The 
child was so obstinate and wayward that 
the father sought counsel of his minister. 
He asked what he should do with the 
boy. He had tried everything he could 
think of, — moral suasion and entreaties, 
— and he was about to resort to force. 
But nothing seemed to reach the case; 
the child was incorrigible. The good 
clergyman had evidently met such cases 
before. He asked the father how he fed 
the child ; and he learned that its dietary 
was of a kind that would naturally over¬ 
heat the blood and inflame the passions. 
He prescribed an entire change in the 
boy*s food; instead of meats and gravies, 
rich pastries, and the like, he substituted 
plain bread and milk, with wholesome 
fruits. 

A short time afterward the clergyman 
called, and asked as to the results. The 
father informed him that his son seemed 
entirely changed in his disposition; from 
being irritable he had become docile. 
The congestion at the base of the brain 
had been relieved, and the intense nerv¬ 
ous irritability no longer existed. To 
the father this sudden transformation 
seemed almost miraculous. To the min¬ 
ister it was all very plain; he had re¬ 
moved the cause, and the effect no longer 
followed. 

Children allowed to eat at all hours, to 
partake of unwholesome and stimulating 
foods, to overeat, to eat without need sim¬ 
ply because they enjoy the taste, being thus 
taught self-gratification rather than self¬ 


control, are almost hopelessly placed un¬ 
der the dominion of their lower natures. 
The child should be taught to think of 
food as material for the building up of the 
body, and not as a mere delight of the pal¬ 
ate. The sense of taste was provided by 
the Creator not for mere animal enjoy¬ 
ment, but to enable us to distinguish be¬ 
tween wholesome and unwholesome foods 
and as an aid to good digestion. When 
it is divorced from its natural and physio¬ 
logical purpose, it becomes a source of 
mischief. 

Purity of heart is a condition quite 
incompatible with pleasuring of the ap¬ 
petite. This is no new thought. The 
wife of Pythagoras, 500 h. c., wrote to a 
friend, The first duty of a good mother 
is not so much to give passing happy feel¬ 
ings, as to lead the child to what lays the 
foundations for constant happiness by 
virtue,— moderating and conquering, from, 
the beginning, sensuous desires. Chil¬ 
dren from first babyhood allowed unre¬ 
stricted sensuous enjoyments will become 
unable to resist the temptations of lower 
pleasures so great in after life. Your 
duty is to educate your children by 
such means that their natural gifts are 
not turned in the wrong direction, which 
will happen when the desire for empty 
pleasure gains the upper hand in their 
souls and bodies.** In the past as well 
as the present we find purity of char¬ 
acter everywhere associated with sim¬ 
plicity in habits of life. Depraved ap¬ 
petites are often inherited, but they are 
as often created through lack of proper 
training. 

Over all the habits of the child’s every¬ 
day life,— his reading, recreations, dress, 
amusements, and companions,— parents 
must set a vigilant watch, if they would 
barricade the countless avenues that 
lead down to destruction and death > 
while at the same time they themselves 
must supply the conditions for the child’s 


PREVENTIVE WORK JN PURITY. 


39 


•sure and continuous upward growth. 
The trite old saying, Keep yourself 
from opportunities, and God will keep 
you from sin,** might well be transposed 
for parents ; Keep the child from op¬ 
portunities, and God will aid you to keep 
him from sin. 

When viewed in the light of prevent¬ 
ive work, what a comprehensive and far- 
reaching work lies before the parents of 
today! How few parents know how 
to accomplish it ! As has been aptly 
said: <^They grope blindly among the 


complex mind and heart machinery under 
their charge; touching a spring here and 
a spring there with careless and uncertain 
hand; finding often too late that they 
have undertaken to control the most power¬ 
ful of created forces—the human will, 
passions, and propensities — not having 
the secret of power. Love they have, 
but love without enlightenment is a mighty 
force working at random, marring where it 
would make, destroying where it would 
save.** One of the greatest needs of the 
world to-day is parental enlightenment. 


HOW PARENTS SOMETIMES TEACH DISHONESTY. 


It is greatly to be deplored that some 
parents show such a want of principle 
in little things. A boy came into his 
mother’s room from school, and held up 
a pocket-knife. “See, mother, I traded 
an old, broken pencil with a boy to-day, 
and got a great bargain ; it *s almost brand- 
new. The pencil was not good, but the 
boy was willing to trade because it had 
such a pretty handle.** The boy chuckled 
with delight at the thought of his shrewd 
bargain. The mother was busily sewing, 
and just glanced up at the knife her son 
held in his hand. Then the boy threw 
down his books, and took up his ball. 
As he passed out, he said, “He was a 
little chap, and did n’t know how much 
more the knife is worth than the pencil, 
or he would n’t have made such a bargain. ** 

The mother heard the last remark, but 
did not say anything. If that mother 
had been a woman of high principle, she 
would have insisted on his returning the 
knife, which was of so much greater value 
than the pencil, and have made him un¬ 
derstand that the trade had been a dis¬ 
honest one. 

Helen had not done her examples, and 
it was only a half-hour before school-time. 


She could not possibly do them in that 
time; so she said to a friend, “ Let me 
copy my examples from your paper, so I 
can hand them in to the teacher, and not 
have to stay in after school.** The obli¬ 
ging schoolmate allowed Helen to copy 
her examples. Helen*s mother knew of 
the deceit her daughter was practising on 
her teacher, but let it pass unnoticed. 
Helen was marked perfect in her arith¬ 
metic lesson when she did not merit it. 

A father, in the presence of his little 
son, hired a boy to shovel off the snow in 
front of the house. When the job was 
done, the father had nothing less than a 
five-dollar bill, and of course the boy 
could not change it. “ Come around to¬ 
night when I get home, and I will pay 
you,** said the business man. The boy 
came, and waited, but something kept 
the man down-town so late that he had to 
go home without it. The next morning 
the little son said, “ Father, that snow-boy 
came for his money last night, and waited 
and waited.** “I forgot all about that 
boy,** the father said carelessly. It was 
one week before the boy got his money. 
Would the son of such a father learn 
promptness from his example in paying 



40 


/WIV PARENTS SOMETIMES TEACH DISHONESTY, 


the laborer, who is worthy of his hire ? 

“ Mother is sorry to trouble you, but 
she needs the money for the washing so 

much. Vou see Johnnie is sick, and- 

When Mrs. Baxter heard that pathetic 
child voice in her ear, she exclaimed, O 
yes, I entirely forgot that I promised to 
send ray little girl with that money.’* 
When the washerwoman’s child had gone, 
her little girl said, ‘'You know, mama, I 
asked you twice to let me go to Mrs. 
Brady’s with the money, and you said, 

< There is no hurry about it.’” 


O parents, how blind you are ! Do 
you not know that in these little things 
you are teaching your children to be dis¬ 
honest in great things, and thereby you may 
be educating them for the penitentiary ? 
Remember that a solid, honest, upright 
character will be worth more to your child 
than riches or the education of the intel¬ 
lect. The Bible says, “ He that is faithful 
in that which is least is faithful also in 
much; and he that is unjust in the least is 
unjust also in much. ”— Joanna P. Moore^ ^ 
in the New Crusade, 


THE WOMAN'S MOLOCH. 


In spite of the assertions to the con¬ 
trary which appear now and then in the 
papers, it must seem to most of us as if 
the tyranny of fashion became more gall¬ 
ing year by year. It is humiliating to a 
thoughtful woman to see how we expand 
or contract, lengthen or shorten, trim or 
leave bare, at the behest of vulgar and 
calculating tradespeople, whose only ob¬ 
ject is to sell their wares and stimulate 
manufactures. 

Indeed, it is alleged by these people, 
whose syndicates are said to control the 
great Parisian and English houses, that 
for this very reason we should endure 
these constant, wearing, and expensive 
vicissitudes. There is a certain show of 
plausibility in this argument, but, upon 
reflection, is there not something worse 
than folly in insisting that human beings, 
wrestling with the life-and-death problems 
of a complex civilization, should yield 
up a large part of their costly time and 
strength to altering the style of their 
clothes in order to stimulate manufactures? 
Are there not more important uses to 
which those hours of hard labor and the 
vitality of those beating hearts can be put? 

A modern novelist makes one of her 
characters say, Chinese women stop 


binding their feet when they are shown 
the folly of it, but our women do not stop 
binding their bodies, even when convinced 
of its wickedness.” 

We are told that nervous exhaustion 
becomes yearly more common among our 
women. Who can wonder when one looks 
at the size of their waists? With their 
circulation seriously interfered with, their 
breathing power curtailed, their digestive 
apparatus hampered, and in very many 
cases their internal organs laboring to do 
their work when out of place or actually 
inverted ; no wonder that women’s nerves, 
which depend for their life and health 
upon circulation, breathing, digestion, and 
proper organic activity, — no wonder that 
the nerves give out I 

A middle-aged gentleman and his wife 
stood side by side in a street-car recently^ 
and an observer could not help contrast¬ 
ing their figures. Both were well, even 
elegantly, clothed, and had an air of 
eminent respectability. Their weight 
must have been about the same ; but 
while the husband’s smooth waistcoat 
rounded out comfortably over his sub¬ 
stantial person, his wife’s figure, enor¬ 
mously developed above and below the 
waist line, suffered just there a cruelly 



THE WOMAHS MOLOCH. 


41 


deep indentation, though she naturally 
needed just as much room there for her 
digestion as her husband had. The spec¬ 
tator, comparing them, endured a feeling 
of positive discomfort, as the inevitable 
contrast flashed forth, between the free¬ 
dom of his internal economy and the 
restriction of hers. Poor woman ! How 
much better she would have felt, and 
how much more efficient she might have 
been, if she had only possessed that com¬ 
fortable extra space ! 

‘‘I don't dare to leave off my corsets 
for a single day ! ” sighed a famous 
woman. know that if I once taste 

the delights of liberty, I can never be 
reconciled again to my bonds, — and 
how I should look without them ! ” 

It really seems that if fashion decreed 
that our women should be trimmed, like 
lawn spruces, into the shape of the letter 
S, they would submit without a murmur. 
Or if it should be accounted fair by Mrs. 
Grundy that an orifice should be created 
between the sternum and the spine, 
through which ribbons, cords and tas¬ 
sels, and such delectable decorations 
could flutter, women would undergo smi¬ 
lingly the necessary operation, and say 
that it did n’t hurt a bit, and how artistic 
the effect was, and how queer that such 
a sweet and novel way of making woman 
beautiful hadn’t been thought of before ! 

What are brains and hearts for, if not 
to control such matters ? How do we 
dare to become mothers, or to bring up 
our daughters with an expectation of be¬ 
coming mothers, and yet give them such 


artificial, such blasphemous, figures as 
fashionable women now create for them¬ 
selves ? What are our schools and col¬ 
leges for? And how can we abet these 
things and say our prayers daily to our 
outraged Maker ? 

But we shall doubtless go on for a 
hundred years to come, since our civiliza¬ 
tion has developed with this Chinese 
eccentricity in specialization, and with all 
of China’s iron rigor, we shall doubtless 
go on wearing bunches on our backs, or 
removing them ; dragging our gowns 
through the dust or shortening them \ 
dilating or shrinking, as fashion decrees ; 
wasting priceless time in silly attempts to 
array ourselves quite differently this year 
from the ways of last year,— and frittering 
away our souls in the process day by day. 

O, for some modification of the flowing 
robes of the Orient, which shall conceal 
all but the mere outlines of our figures, 
and shall remain substantially the same 
from year to year, to be used as long as 
cleanliness and tidiness will allow ! In 
this woman’s land, where our sex have a 
light and a liberty unknown to our East¬ 
ern sisters, we yet lack one thing that 
they possess,— the power to live their 
own internal, physical lives. If we could 
only rise up and claim this right with all 
that it implies, what children might we 
rear! What problems in light, elec¬ 
tricity, finance, government, physics, art, 
astronomy, might we not assist our broth¬ 
ers in solving, with the force thus set 
free ! — Kate Upson Clarke in the House¬ 
wife. 


Much must he borne that ii is hard lo bear ; 

Much must l)e given away that it were sweet to 
keep ; 

Ciod help us all who nee^ indeed his help, 

.Xnd yet 1 know the Shepherd loves his sheep. 

—Owen Meredith. 



HOUSEKEEPING AND HOME-MAKING. 


*'She always does things the easiest 
way,” said Mrs. Heard, of her sister, Mrs. 
Jayne. “ She sits down and reads in the 
middle of the forenoon, and one day last 
week I went over there, and found her in 
bed reading a story-book, while Tom and 
Nell were getting dinner.” 

‘^Yes,” replied Mrs. Grant, to whom 
Mrs. Heard made this criticism. “1 admit 
that Helen takes a little rest a great many 
times a day, but it is not because she is 
lazy, it is because she is wise. I admit, 
too, that she now and then spends a day 
in bed. I surprised her in bed one day. 
The two babies, as she calls them, Dot 
and Daisy, were with her, and they were 
all making merry over a long string of 
fairy stories.” 

‘‘ Well, I don't approve of such doings,” 
said Mrs. Heard. “ Yet you, like all the 
rest, stand up for her and apologize for 
her. I believe you think she is a better 
woman than 1 am, while she just gives 
way to her feelings, and I sacrifice myself, 
year in and year out, for my husband and 
children. My boys have said more than 
once that they wished I would keep 
dressed up like Aunt Nell, and that Aunt 
Nell looked ever so much younger than 
mother, but 1 never have set them to 
washing dishes so that I could lie abed.” 

Here the speaker's voice trembled a lit¬ 
tle, and the tears filled her eyes. 

Our children think very little of our 
sacrifices,” replied Mrs. Grant, but a 
great deal of our buoyancy, our smiles, 
our good looks, our power of making 
them happy. By and by, when they are 
fathers and mothers, they will remember 
how hard we worked for them, but now 
what they delight in is sunshine, and we 
must give it to them. Helen looks far 
ahead, and determined not to be a cross, 
nervous, exhausted wife and mother. 

“The evening of the very day that I 


saw her in bed, I saw her again at the tea- 
table, prettily dressed, all freshness and 
smiles and helpfulness. I saw her tired 
husband brighten in her presence, and the 
children subdue themselves to please her. 
She knows just how far she can go with¬ 
out losing more nervous energy than she 
can afford to lose, and at the limit that 
she sets herself, she stops. 

“ Du you remember how surprised we 
all were at her endurance when Dot was 
so ill ? She told me that one of her 
strongest motives for being careful of her¬ 
self was that she might have reserve 
strength for unforeseen emergencies. If 
she had had less strength for watching 
and nursing, she would undoubtedly have 
lost her baby. 

“To cook for our children and make 
their garments, to keep the house neat, 
and do in due time the hundred tasks of 
a housekeeper, is well ; but if there must 
be loss and waste and neglect, let the 
physical part of the home suffer rather 
than the spiritual part. It is one thing 
to be a good housekeeper — another thing 
to be a good home-maker.” 

“I know that Helen is always good- 
natured,” admitted Mrs. Heard, “and 
her husband and children think there is 
nobody in the world like her. There's 
more love in her house than in any other 
house in the neighborhood.” 

“And smaller bills for drugs and doc¬ 
tors,” said Mrs. Grant. 

“Well,” said Mrs. Heard, “Helen 
never told me that she planned to keep 
rested,— I have always thought that she 
was just slack, and I have told her so.” 

“Because you have thought so and 
have said so,” replied the mutual friend, 
“you have lost Helen's confidence; we 
are not apt to tell our notions to people 
who are unsympathetic. I know that 
your sister grieves over the fact that you 


HOUSEKEEPING AND HOME-MAKING. 


43 


"work so hard, and are wearing out so fast. 
But she can^t talk to you on the subject 
Because you repel her by your unbelief.’* 
She does try to reason with me some¬ 
times,” said Mrs. Heard. **She tried 
hard to get me to let the plain things go 
unironed last week, and go with her Tues¬ 
day for a day in the woods — take the 
children and get wild flowers, make herba¬ 
riums, and all that sort of thing. But I 
told her I never yet had put away ray 
sheets and night-gowns and towels rough 
dry, and I was too old to begin. She was 
■quite put out, but I couldn’t help it.” 

As Mrs. Heard finished speaking, she 
put her hand to her cheek. 

‘'My neuralgia is coming on again,” 
she said. “ I shall have to see the doc¬ 


tor. I have put off consulting him, be¬ 
cause I hate to spend so much for doctor’s 
bills. John said when the last one came 
in that he thought it was outrageous. I 
just broke down and cried, for it does 
seem hard to work from morning till 
night, and then have your husband be¬ 
grudge you a little medicine when you 
are sick. But if there’s anything my 
husband hates, its tears. So I try to bear 
my troubles in silence.” 

“ Better plan your life so as to be free 
from troubles, or so as to live above 
them,” thought Mrs. Grant, as she took 
her leave of the “good housekeeper,” 
reflecting on the difference between the 
two sisters.— Mary F. Butts, in the 
Housewife. 


Too Many Things. 

Elizabeth Elliot, in the Outlook, makes 
a suggestion which, if heeded, would cer¬ 
tainly help to simplify the question of 
how we are to find time for those pleas¬ 
ures and duties which women well know 
to be the better things of life, but for 
which too many fail to find time, on ac¬ 
count of the multiplicity of home cares : — 

“We cannot deny to ourselves that our 
lives might be immensely simplified if we 
could devise some way of reducing the 
number of things which take so much 
time and strength to provide and to care 
for. When a woman first goes to house¬ 
keeping, she has often a perfect frenzy of 
accumulation. There are so many things 
needed, and each addition is such a pleas¬ 
ure, that sometimes, before she realizes 
it, she finds that she has not left herself 
room to live in the house. Her bureau 
is so covered with silver mirrors, brushes, 
pin-trays, atomizers, and manicuring tools 
that she looks in vain for a place to lay 
her collar when she takes it off. Her 
writing-desk is so elaborately equipped 


with ornamental lamps, pen-trays, ink- 
bottles, letter-scales, and sealing appa¬ 
ratus that she finds with difficulty room 
enough to write a note. Her table is so 
decorated with its elaborate center-cloth, 
its flowers, its silver candlesticks with 
their dainty shades, the various intricacies 
of silver forks and spoons for every con¬ 
ceivable purpose, and different china for 
every course, that it is only with care 
that a place can be found for the meat 
and potatoes. There is a hall table with 
a pretty litter of whisk-broom and writing- 
pad and pencil and card-tray, but the man 
of the house cannot find a place to put 
his hat and overcoat. There are so many 
ornaments in the drawing-room that not 
one of them has any distinct decorative 
value, and it takes so many odd tables 
to hold them all that the family have 
to move about with great caution. The 
musician of the household has such stacks 
of music that she never can find what she 
wants ; the children have so many toys 
that they do not care for any of them; 
the books accumulate so in the library 
that no one knows where anything is; 



44 


TOO MANY THINGS. 


and the bed-rooms are so full of easy 
chairs and divans and chiffoniers that 
folding beds have to be bought to make 
room for them all. 

“But, if a woman be wise, the time 
comes when she begins to simplify. She 
buys only what is really needed ; she stops 
putting things away, thinking she may 
want them sometime ; she has regular 
times of going through rooms and closets 
to weed out superfluities and send them 
off to the many places where there are no 
superfluities and scant necessities. She 
plans how to do without rather than how 
to accumulate; she tries to arrange her 
rooms so that the eye shall rest upon 
some refreshing spaces. 

“Simplify all we may, life is still com¬ 
plicated enough. But everything elimi¬ 
nated from the list of necessities means 
to the busy woman that much less to 
think about and care for; and that 
means that much more time for the real 
things of life, for thought and culture, 
for love and helpfulness, and charity that 
is not superficial and hurried, and for 
the clear vision that sees life in its true 
proportions.” 

The Decline of Old-Fashioned Virtues. 

Mrs. Martha Evarts Holden wrote 
some beautiful thoughts during her sad 
life. We find the following in a compila¬ 
tion made from her writings since her 
death, which occurred in January, 1896:— 

“I am not an old woman, and yet I 
have lived long enough to see the almost 
utter decadence of some old-fashioned 
virtues. Take politeness, for instance — 
simple, old-fashioned politeness, that 
sprung from the heart like a rose from 
the root. How little we see of it nowa¬ 
days! We see a great deal of what you 
call company manners, learned from a 
book of etiquette, perhaps; but the kindly 
spirit that seeks to make things pleasant 


for the humblest stranger, as well as the 
guest who comes in the van of a trumpet¬ 
ing herald, is growing rarer each year. 
What if it does cost a little trouble to 
answer a question, or drop your task to 
direct a stranger? what is the use of be¬ 
ing in the world at all, if not to lend a 
helping hand where we can, and make 
folks happy ? The courtesy that is only 
shown to people we know and to people 
who can respond perhaps in kind, is a 
spurious courtesy, as different from old- 
fashioned politeness as a pink made of 
muslin to a sweet carnation that grows in 
the garden, and woos the bees. ** 


Parents often feel in doubt as to how 
to educate their children, but of one thing 
they may be sure, and that is, that every 
one must in the main educate himself, no 
matter how many or how capable his 
teachers may be. Herbert Spencer puts 
it correctly when he says : In education 
the process of self-development should be 
encouraged to the fullest extent. Chil¬ 
dren should be led to make their own in¬ 
vestigations and to draw their own infer¬ 
ences. They should be told as little 
as possible, and induced to discover as 
much as possible. That humanity has 
progressed solely by self-instruction, and 
that to achieve the best results each mind 
must progress somewhat after the same 
fashion, is continually proved by the 
marked success of self-made men.— The 
Journal of Hygiene, 


Our Task. 

Wnia iiKR vve climb, whether we plo<], 
Space for one task the scant years lend — 
To choose some path that leads to God, 

And keep it to the end. 

—Liiette Woodworth 




EUITOP^IAI^ 


NUTS FOR DIABETICS. 


In view of the high nutrient value of 
nuts, it is astonishing that they have here¬ 
tofore been so little employed as an article 
of food by civilized nations. The an¬ 
cient Arcadians subsisted chiefly upon 
chestnuts, as do the Italian peasants of 
Lombardy at the present time. The Indi¬ 
ans of California have from time remote sub¬ 
sisted chiefly upon pine-nuts, a product of 
the gray forests of pine which cover the foot¬ 
hills of tile Coast Range and Sierra Madre 
Mountains. The cocoanut furnishes food 
for vast multitudes of people in the islands 
of the Pacific and in all tropical countr.es. 

These facts alone are sufficient to show 
that the nut is a complete nutrient, and that 
it is adapted to human sustenance. The 
hickory-nut, the walnut, and the butternut, 
as well as other native species, are highly 
nutritious foods, and an economical source 
of heat- and force-producing material. An 
incalculable amount of good would result 
to future generations if the State authorities 
of Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, 
New York, and other forest-covered States 
would, by law, recpiire the replacing of the 
great forests which are being exterminated 
by the lumbering industry, with the walnut, 
the hickory-nut, and other nut-bearing trees. 
These trees, being natives U) the soil, will 
gro.v without care, and in a few years would 
produce an enormous crop of valuable food¬ 
stuff, besides the choicest kind of timber, if 
necessity should ever require their use for 
this purpose. 

The value of nuts in medical dietetics 
seems to have been almost entirely over¬ 
looked, probably from the fact that in their 
natural condition they are somewhat difficult 
of digestion, and so have been altogether ex¬ 
cluded from diet lists. Raw nuts are cer¬ 
tainly indigestible, but nuts may be prepared 
in such a way as to be not only the most 


highly nutritious of all foods, 'but the most 
easily digestible. Even peanuts, which are 
perhaps the most refractory to digestion of 
all nuts, may be so prepared as to be accept¬ 
able to the most delicate and sensitive stom¬ 
ach. 

The especial characteristics of, nuts, from 
a dietetic standpoint, are the almost entire 
absence of starch and allied substances, and 
an abundance of proteids and fats ; these are 
their especial characteristics. This fact is 
well shown by the accompanying table: — 


Name. 

Proteids. 

tarch. 

Fats, 

Nutri¬ 

ment., 

Walnut 

15.B 

13 

57^4 

88.2 

Hazelnut 

*7.4 

7.2 

62.6 

89.7 

Sweet Almonds 

21.5 

7.8 

53 

87.3 

Peanuts 

* 8.3 

X.8 

46. 

79.6 

Cocoanut 

5.0 


35 - 

50 .5 


From this table it will be seen that the al¬ 
mond and the peanut contain a considerably 
larger proportion of proteids than beefsteak. 
The amount of proteids in a pound of pea¬ 
nuts is, in fact, fifty per cent, more than that 
in a pound of beefsteak; and the amount of 
fat is greater than that found in any other 
class of foods. In the almond and the pea¬ 
nut, fat is present in the proportion of about 
fifty per cent., while in some other nuts it 
amounts to three fifths or more. The total 
nutritive value of nuts is, in almost every 
instance, more than three times that of the 
best beefsteak. From this fact it is appar¬ 
ent that a pound of nuts at forty-five cents is 
as cheap as a pound of beef at fifteen cents, 
looking at the matter purely from the stand¬ 
point of economy. 

But economy is by no means the chief 
question to be considered in the treatment of 
the majority of cases of diabetes. What the 
patient wants and needs, and what he is 
willing to obtain at almost any price, is a 
food which he can safely eat which will 


45 













46 


NUTS FOR DIABETICS. 


maintain iiis strength and energy, and at the 
same time successfully combat the wasting 
tendencies of his disease. Cereals and sweet 
fruits must be almost entirely interdicted be¬ 
cause of the increase of the elimination of 
sugar resulting from their use. 

Recent studies of the dietetics of diabetes 
liave clearly demonstrated the great danger 
involved in the use of an exclusive meat diet. 
The rapid tissue disintegration taking place 
in severe cases of diabetes results in flooding 
the system with waste matters, which are, of 
course, toxic in character. When to these 
are added the toxic substances contained in 
the flesh of animals under the best condi¬ 
tions, together with the ptomains resulting 
from the decomposition which always takes 
.place to a greater or less extent in flesh food 
before it is eaten, and still further by the 
urea and other excrementitious products re¬ 
sulting from the excess of nitrogenous mate¬ 
rial contained in the system when meat is 
largely used, it becomes apparent that the 
-diabetic who makes use of an exclusive meat 
diet or a diet consisting largely of flesh foods, 
is in a state of chronic auto-intoxication. 
Such a person is constantly on the verge of 
diabetic coma; if he escapes, it is simply 
because his liver and kidneys are still able to 
•do a sufficient amount of work in the de- 
istruction and elimination of poisons to save 
his life ; but sooner or later he will certainly 
reach a point at which a failure of these im¬ 
portant organs to do the excessive amount of 
work demanded of them will result in the 
accumulation of toxic substances to such a 
degree as to produce the universal poisoning 
which is so graphically pictured in diabetic 
eoma. 

In view of these things it is very singular 
indeed that the great value of nuts in dia¬ 
betes has thus far apparently escaped atten¬ 
tion. The writer has for many years made 
use of nuts in cases of this sort, and has 
found that even in their ordinary raw state, 
they are highly useful as a means of sus¬ 
taining the vital forces of the patient, and 
serving as a complete substitute for both 
farinaceous food-stuffs and flesh foods of all 
sorts. 

Some extensive experiments have recently 


been made in Germany for the purpose of 
determining the food value of the peanut. 
The material used consists of what is known 
as “oil-cake,” a residue of the oil industry. 
Some thousands of tons of peanuts are an¬ 
nually imported to Germany for tlie purpose 
of making salad oil, a large portion of which 
is sold in this country as olive-oil. There 
are more than twenty-five large factories en¬ 
gaged in this business in different parts of 
Germany. The large amount of proteids 
and the considerable residue of fat contained 
in this oil-cake have led to many experiments 
for the purpose of utilizing it as a food. 
The German government has taken great in¬ 
terest in these experiments, having in mind 
the utilization of the peanut oil-cake in the 
making of a cheap military ration. It has 
been found extremely nourishing, and ad¬ 
mirably adapted for use in soups and similar 
preparations. Dr. Fiihrbringer, in a lec¬ 
ture reported in the Berlin Clinical Weekly^ 
especially recommended this nut preparation 
for diabetes, also for Bright’s disease and' 
other chronic kidney disorders. The only 
objection found to this food was its bitter 
and astringent taste, and the very pro¬ 
nounced flavor of rancid butter. This un¬ 
pleasant taste is doubtless due to the slight 
decomposition of fatty matters and to other 
imperfections in the process of manufacture, 
as we have found it possible to obtain a 
product from peanuts as well as other nuts 
which is entirely free from this objectionable 
flavor. 

Within the last few years the writer has 
made many experiments with nut products of 
various sorts in diabetes and other disorders, 
and has found the following preparations ex¬ 
tremely valuable ; — 

I. Nuttose .— This is a thoroughly cooked 
and sterilized product of nuts, chiefly pea¬ 
nuts. Nuttose is made into the form of a 
cheesy mass which readily dissolves in the 
digestive fluids, the nuts having been first 
completely disintegrated and then thoroughly 
cooked. It contains about the same amount 
of proteids as beefsteak, and, in addition, be¬ 
tween twenty-five and thirty per cent, of 
easily digestible nut fat in a state of natural 
emulsion. 


NUTS FOR DIABETICS, 


47 


2. Nut Meats of Various Sorts ,— These 
are chiefly almond meal and nut meal, the 
latter consisting of an admixture of nuts. 
These meals are made from nuts which have 
been thoroughly prepared by a careful assort¬ 
ment and perfect blanching. The almond 
meal is uncooked. The nut meal has been 
very thoroughly cooked, and so is ready for 
immediate use in a variety of ways : for ex¬ 
ample, added to a small proportion of flour 
it may be made into cakes. By cooking for 
a few moments it can be made into a delicious 
soup, or with a small quantity of water, an 
exceedingly palatable pur^e is produced. It 
may be used for shortening pie-crust, cakes, 
etc., producing delicate and palatable com¬ 
binations. 

3. A Sterilized Nut Butter .— This prepa¬ 
ration consists of a combination of nuts 
which have been first thoroughly blanched, 
then completely disintegrated by conversion 
into a paste, and finally cooked at a tempera¬ 
ture which secures complete sterilization. 
This product is an excellent substitute for 
butter and shortening of all kinds. When 
mixed with water, it makes a very delicious 
nut cream or milk, and is readily assimilable. 

Fiihrbringer’s examination of the fecal 
matters of persons fed upon nuts shows that 
roasted peanuts in their ordinary form are 
practically indigestible, coarse particles be¬ 
ing found in about the same condition as 


when swallow’ed. When reduced to a paste, 
roasted peanuts are much more digestible, 
but for perfect digestibility, the nut needs- 
to be subjected to long cooking at a lower 
temperature than that employed for roast¬ 
ing. 

Luedtke has shown lliat the proteids of the 
peanut are much more easily digestible than 
those of beans, peas, lentils, etc. This is 
due to the fact that iu the peanut the proteid 
and the starch granules are mixed together in 
about equal quantities, while in beans and 
similar seeds the large granules of starch are 
surrounded by many proteid granules em¬ 
bedded in a net of protoplasm. In cooking, 
these albuminoid elements surround the 
starch en masse, thus increasing the work 
of the gastric juice and also rendering the 
starch difficult of access. This fact doubt¬ 
less explains the difficulty which many dys¬ 
peptics have in digesting beans and other 
legumes. The disturbing symptom generally 
complained of is flatulence, w’hich is evi¬ 
dently the result of fermentation of the 
starch contained within its investing envel¬ 
ope of coagulated albumin. In the peanut, 
the proteids being formed of fine granules, 
in mixing with starch granules, both the 
starch and the proteid particles are readily 
accessible,— one by the saliva and the other 
by the gastric juice,— and hence adjusted 
properly. 


THE RATIONAL TREATMENT OF NERVOUS HEADACHE. 


Some months ago the writer published a 
paper relating to the rational treatment of 
migraine, in which he announced the belief 
that this disorder is a sympathetic nervous 
disease, and that the direct cause is an irri¬ 
tation of the abdominal sympathetic, either 
by the strain of the prolapsed viscera, or 
ptoniains absorbed from tlie stomach or 
other portions of the alimentary canal. The 
treatment recommended consisted chiefly 
of lavage and antiseptic dietary, support of 
the prolapsed organs by a suitable abdom¬ 
inal supporter, abdominal massage for the 
purpose of replacing prolapsed viscera, man¬ 


ual and mechanical Swedish movements, 
general massage, hydrotherapy, electricity, 
galvanic and sinusoidal currents. 

An Eastern medical journal reviewed the 
paper, denouncing our theory respecting the 
pathology of the disease, and intimating that 
we had evidently had little or no experience 
with this malady, also hinting that no one 
knew anything about it. We are glad to- 
note, however, that our esteemed contem¬ 
porary had a word of commendation to say 
in behalf of the methods of treatment pro¬ 
posed. The writer has no disposition to set 
himself up as a medical savant nor to claim 



48 


RATIONAL TREATMENT OF NERVOUS HEADACHE. 


perfection for any of his theories ; neverthe¬ 
less, he still believes mig^raiue to be essen¬ 
tially a disease of the sympathetic nervous 
system, and that the leading exciting causes 
are those which were pointed out in the 
paper referred to. 

A number of prominent French observers 
have called attention to the relation between 
migraine and epilepsy, and Haig has lately 
pointed out the fact that migraine is but the 
forerunner of Bright’s disease, being an in¬ 
dication of a systemic condition which leads 
to such tissue degenerations as may result in 
Bright’s disease and other disorders of de¬ 
generation. 

In view of these facts, it is clearly evident 
that to attempt to cure migraine by means of 


anodynes or drugs of any kind, is in the 
highest degree irrational. The disease is 
simply an indication of a systemic condition 
w'hich Bouchard has denominated “auto¬ 
intoxication,” the cause of which must be 
sought out and removed. To simply cover 
up the symptom by the addition of a toxic 
agent of some sort is only to put the 
warning sentinel to sleep. The writer be¬ 
lieves that every case of migraine may be 
cured by the adoption of proper measures. 
There is no formula for a case of this sort, 
but by persevering effort in the employment 
of rational measures, a cure may, we believe, 
be effected in every case. At any rate, no 
case should be considered incurable without 
a thorough trial of these rational measures. 


STARVATION STARING US IN THE FACE. 


General Brialmont, an eminent Belgian 
statistician, has recently published some 
facts, which, according to his view, demon¬ 
strate to a certainty that in less than four 
hundred years the world’s population will 
have increased to such proportions that the 
food supplies will fail, and the race will be¬ 
come extinct from starvation. Numerous 
other statisticians have pointed out the same 
fact. The problem is not a very complicated 
one. Knowing tlie rate at which the popu¬ 
lation is increasing, and the amount of land 
capable of producing food, it is only neces¬ 
sary to determine the amount of land re¬ 
quired to support a single individual to arrive 
quickly at a definite and correct couclusiou 
respecting the length of time which must 
elapse before the population will be too large 
for the earth. 

According to General Brialmont, the popu¬ 
lation of the globe will reach in four hundred 
years, thirty millions, if the ratio of increase 
remains the same as at the present time. 
The total area of the earth’s surface is a 
little less than two hundred million square 
miles, of which vast extent of territory, how¬ 
ever, not quite five million acres can be made 
to produce food by cultivation. Geueral 
Brialmont estimates that eight tenths of an 
acre is required to nourish each person. Ac¬ 


cording to this, all the tillable land of the 
earth would support but six billion inhabit¬ 
ants, a population which, according to gen¬ 
eral statistics, will be reached in one hun¬ 
dred and seventy-six years. 

These figures are exceedingly interesting, 
and ought to set a good many people to 
thinking. It is true that we do not need 
to be personally concerned in relation to the 
general food supply of the world, as there 
will unquestionably be enough to supply our 
individual needs, provided we are able to get 
hold of it; but we ought, nevertheless, to be 
interested in the consideration of the ques¬ 
tion, as one whicli bears upon the future of 
the race; and a question which we ought 
especially to consider is whether or not we 
are making an economical use of our food 
resources, 

I)e Lesseps, the celebrated Freuch engi¬ 
neer who designed and constructed the Suez 
Canal, at one time gave considerable atten¬ 
tion to this problem, and estimated that at 
the present time we are wasting a very large 
share of the labor and money which we ex¬ 
pend upon food supplies. He called atten¬ 
tion to the fact that the body can be much 
more perfectly supported by vegetable than 
by animal food, citing his experience in the 
construction of the Suez Canal, in which he 



STAjR VAT/ON STAR/NG MS IN THE FACE. 


49 


observed tlial the Arab workmen, who sub- 
sisted upon barley and dates, taken in ver}^ 
moderate quantities, were able to accomplish 
much more work than beef-fed Englishmen, 
and were, at the same time, not subject to 
the various destructive maladies which preyed 
upon the Englishmen placed under the same 
conditions. De Lesseps calculated that forty 
times as much land is required to support a 
man upon a meat diet as upon a diet wholly 
composed of the natural products of the 
earth, such as fruits and grains. 

A moment’s consideration of the matter 
will readily show that much less than four 
fifths of an acre of land will furnish nutri¬ 
ment sufficient to maintain an adult man or 
woman, provided it is taken at first hand. 
For example, if an acre of land produces 
twenty bushels of wheat (a small average for 
wheat-producing countries) sixteen bushels 
can be derived from four fifths of an acre. 
Sixteen bushels of wheat equals 960 pounds. 
Properly prepared, a pound of wheat will 


furnish a day’s rations for a laboring man. 
It thus appears that four fifths of an acre 
of land devoted to the production of wheat 
will support, not a single person only, but 
on an average at least three persons, The 
same amount of land devoted to the produc¬ 
tion of com would support perhaps twice as 
many persons ; and there are various other 
food products, such as the banana, and nuts 
of various kinds, of which tlie same area of 
land may produce food-stuffs sufficient to 
support from ten to twenty persons. From 
this it appears that by adopting a proper die¬ 
tary, the race may postpone the date of ex¬ 
tinction from starvation four or five thousand 
years at least, before the expiration of which 
time it is more than probable that something 
will have happened so to change the present 
order of things as to bring the race back to 
a more normal and rational state of being, in 
which it is reasonable to suppose that man 
might expect to live on prosperously and 
happily for an indefinite length of time. 


FOOTBALL BARBARITIES. 


The recent death of a member of the Uni¬ 
versity of Georgia eleven in a game with the 
University of Virginia team has so far 
aroused the sensibilities of the Georgia State 
Legislature as to lead that body to pass a bill 
abolishing the game of football in that State. 
It is interesting to note that this bill was 
passed with only eight dissenting votes. 
The citizens of Georgia may well feel proud 
of the fact that civilization has advanced in 
their State at least one step ahead of the 
point which has been reached by any other 
State in the Union, at least so far as these 
States are represented by their governing 
bodies. The action of Georgia ought cer¬ 
tainly to make a profound impression upon 
the public mind. 

Within a short time there have been re¬ 
ported eleven deaths from football fighting. 
The fact that there has been a larger number 
of deaths from horseback riding, bicycling, 
boating, etc., which is offered in defense of 
football playing by a prominent Eastern 
journal, has no particular weight when the 


vast number of persons who engage in these 
other forms of recreation is taken into con¬ 
sideration. A million or more persons are 
riding bicycles, whereas only a few hundred, 
or at least a very few thousand, engage in 
football playing. 

A few college presidents propose to reform 
the game by leaving out of it all violence 
and brutality. We heartily commend this 
suggestion that the game be reformed; for 
w'heu it is reformed, the public will lose in¬ 
terest in it, and it will die a natural death. 
The chief interest in football at the present 
time grows out of the fact that it is a violent 
game, and that there is a considerable amount 
of risk taken by the players. People go to a 
football game and pay anywhere from one to 
five dollars for the privilege, just as Mexicans 
go to a bull-fight, or the rough element 
scramble over one another in their anxiety 
to witness a pugilistic encounter. 

As football is fought between professionals, 
of which the majority of college teams are 
composed, it is essentially the same thing as 




FOOTBALL BARBARIT/RS. 


50 

pugilism, but on a larger scale. A few days 
ago, in a game played at New Britain, Conn., 
according to published accounts “a player 
of sixteen was repeatedly struck in the face 
and finally pounded into insensibility by op¬ 
posing players of the age of twenty and up¬ 
wards.” It is stated that the referee made 
no attempt whatever to check the brutality. 
As the New York Times very pungently re¬ 
marks, ‘‘The business is vulgar, and the 
most curious thing about it is that not even 
the faculties of the colleges seem to realize 
that fact.” The old adage, “ A man is 
known by the company he keeps,” applies 
to football assemblages with absolute appro¬ 
priateness. On the occasion of the recent 
Yale-Princeton fight, the New York Voice had 
a reporter on the ground, and in the next 
issue of the paper published the following 
in bold headlines : — 

GREAT YALE - PRINCETON FOOT¬ 
BALL GAME. 


Inaugurated and Ended in a Monster Ca¬ 
rouse. Two Nights and a Day 
of Maudlin Revelry. 


New Haven’s Saloons Jammed to Bursting 
w ith Drunken, Swearing Students, 
Shrieking out the Merits of the 
Teams, and Gambling on 
the Result. 


Harlots Swarmed the Streets, Gathering in 
the Young Debauchees. The Calaboose 
Packed to its Full Capacity. Excise 
Laws Thrown to the Winds, and 
the City Wide Open. 

The article describing the scenes at New 
Haven reads like a story of life in old Pom¬ 
peii and Herculaneum before those cities 
were interred by a vomit of lava from Vesu¬ 
vius. More than one thousand young men 
were reported drunk, and large numbers did 
not stop with drinking, but plunged into 
every form of beastly excess. Can anybody 
compute the evil that may be the outgrowth 
of such a time of maudlin revelry ? Who 
can estimate the suffering, the sin, the 
shame? This is the manner in which men 
consider it appropriate to celebrate a foot¬ 
ball fight. The whole thing is brutal, de¬ 
moralizing, and unworthy of a civilized age. 
Good people, clean people, sensible people, 
everywhere ought to raise their voices in 
condemnation of it. 


HOW MUCH SHOULD A PERSON EAT? 


Thousands of times has the writer been 
asked tliis question. The only reply that 
can be made is, Eat just so much as the 
system needs and the digestive organs can 
digest. In general, an individual may take 
as much food as he can digest; but often 
there are conditions in which he cannot 
digest as much as he really needs. For in¬ 
stance, when an individual is called upon to 
exert all his energies of brain and muscle, to 
strain every nerve to its utmost, to compass 
a certain object of great importance or to 
cope with an emergency, he may be, for the 
time being, quite unable to digest sufficient 
food to make good the waste that must 
necessarily occur. He will lose flesh and 
strength under such circumstances; and 
often a failure of the appetite at such a 
crisis indicates the inability of the stomach 


to digest, on account of the deficient secre¬ 
tion of gastric juice. It is in this way that 
persons who are for a time called upon to 
make great exertions often break down their 
digestion. Thinking that they need abun¬ 
dance of nutriment, which is true, they eat 
as heartily as when required to perform only 
their ordinary work, not considering their 
diminished power to digest and appropriate 
food, and in a short time find their digestive 
organs unable to digest well even a small 
amount of food. There is little doubt that 
this is what causes many lawyers, physi¬ 
cians, and other professional men to break 
down. 

If, when called upon to do a large amount 
of extra work, the person would lessen the 
quantity of food eaten, instead of increasing 
it, he would conserve his vital forces much 





HOIV MUCH SHOULD WE EATi 


more than by pursuing the opposite course. 
When required by a press of business to 
<Jo extra work, often working for several 
days in succession with very little sleep, the 
writer has been in the habit for many years 
of limiting the amount of food taken to not 
more than half the usual allowance, and 
sometime, to even a less quantity, The 
result has invariably been all that could be 
desired ; since, although several pounds of 
•flesh are often lost during an ordeal of this 
kind, when it is passed, and the usual rou¬ 
tine of work is resumed, the digestive powers 
are intact, and able to digest the amount of 
iood necessary for recuperation, so that a 
few days suffice to restore the usual weight, 
and without loss of either strength or time. 

It is evident that the diet of each in¬ 
dividual must be regulated in quantity ac¬ 
cording to his occupation. It must also be 
adapted to his age. A man engaged in 
severe physical labor, while he really re. 
quires less food, may be able to dispose of 
more food than one who labors with equal 
intensity in some mental pursuit. The body 
is wasted much more rapidly by vigorous 
brain labor than by physical e.xercise only. 
Indeed, it is asserted by our best authorities 
in physiology, that three hours of severe 
brain labor are equal in exhausting effects 
upon the system to ten hours of physical 
labor or muscular effort. It is evident, 
then, that a man who works his brain con¬ 
stantly for ten or twelve hours a day really 
needs more food to sustain his strength than 
a man who employs his muscles for the same 
length of time. But, as before remarked, 
Ihe muscle laborer may be able to dispose 
of more food than the brain laborer, though 
he needs less, since bis vital forces are not 
so completely exhausted by his work. In 
other words, the occupation of the muscle 
worker being less exhaustive than that of the 
brain worker, he can overeat with greater 
impunity than can the latter. Each should 
eat only the quantity actually required, if 
he would enjoy the maximum of health and 
-vigor; but for the man whose vital energies 
are daily exhausted by mental effort, any ex¬ 
cess in eating is certain to be most disastrous. 

The amount of food required by an in¬ 


51 

dividual, as already intimated, varies at 
different periods of life, according to the 
degree of vital activity. In infancy and 
childhood, when the vital activities are at 
their highest degree of intensity, — when 
growth and development are to be main¬ 
tained in addition to supporting the wastes 
of the system, — the demand for food is 
greater in proportion to the size of the in¬ 
dividual than at any subsequent time. In 
adult life, when waste and repair are about 
equally balanced, a sufficient amount is 
needed to make good the daily loss from the 
various mental, physical, and other vital 
activities which can only be supported at 
the expense of tissue. Any larger quantity 
than this is excess. 

In old age, when the assimilative powers 
are weakened by declining years, the amount 
of food which can be assimilated by the in¬ 
dividual is even somewhat less than what is 
really needed; hence, as age advances, the 
quantity of food should be gradually dimin¬ 
ished. Very many old people break down 
much sooner than they would otherwise do, 
were they more careful in this regard. When 
they lay aside their vigorous, active life, they 
should also curtail the quantity of their food. 
By this act of temperance, they might pre¬ 
serve intact to a much later period the in¬ 
tegrity of their digestive organs, and so add 
years to their lives. 

In not a few instances, the foundation of 
dyspepsia is laid by some mechanical injury, 
as a sprained ankle, a broken limb, or a se¬ 
vere bruise or cut, which requires rest from 
active exercise for a few weeks. Not con¬ 
sidering the fact that much less food is de¬ 
manded when a person is not engaged in 
active labor of any kind than at other times, 
the individual continues to eat heartily, and 
soon finds his digestive organs refusing to 
do their work from sheer exhaustion. On 
this account, it should be made a uniform 
custom to eat lightly on the weekly rest-day. 
The hearty Sabbath dinners in which many 
people indulge, making the day an occasion 
of feasting rather than a rest-day, cannot be 
too much condemned. The custom is with¬ 
out doubt responsible for many other forms 
of Sabbath-breaking, as no one can have 


52 


HOW MUCH WE SHOULD EAT f 


clear perceptions of right and a quick sense 
of wrong when laboring under the incubus of 
an overloaded stomach. For the hearty 
meal usually taken, it would be well to sub¬ 
stitute a light one, consisting mostly of fruits 
and grains. 

This plan, if pursued, would do away with 
much of the drowsiness in churcli of which 
many people and not a few pastors have 
abundant reason to complain. The intellect 
would be clearer, and hence better able to 
appreciate the privileges and comforts of r€^- 
ligion. The sooner people recognij^e the fact 
that stomachs have much to do with religion, 
and tliat true religion includes the govern¬ 
ment of the appetite, and frowns upon abuse 
of the stomach as well as abuse of a fellow 
man, the better it will be for both stomachs 
and religion. 

Each individual must, to a considerable 
extent, be his own guide respecting the exfTct 
amount of food to be taken at a given meal. 
If the appetite has been so long abused that 
it is DO longer a safe guide, then reason must 
rule. The individual should, at the begin¬ 
ning of the meal, determine just how much 
he will eat; and when the specified quantity 
is taken, he must resolutely stop eating, leav¬ 
ing the table, if necessary, to escape tempta¬ 
tion. 

A man who desires to bo at peace with his 
stomach should learn to stop when he has 
enough, no matter how strongly he may be 
tempted to do otherwise. There is much 
more truth than poetry in the old Scandina¬ 
vian proverb, “ Oxen know when to go home 
from grazing; but a fool never knows bis 
stomaclrs measure,*' But experience, a dear 
school, ought after a time to teach the most 
unobservant person the amount of food his 
stomach will bear without discomfort and 
without injury. If a person in fair healtli 
finds that after eating of wholesome food he 
is troubled with fulness of the stornacli, dul- 
ness over the eyes, sour stomach, eructa¬ 
tions, or flatulence, he may be very sure that 
he is eating too much, and he should con¬ 
tinue to diminish the amount taken at each 


meal until the symptoms mentioned dis¬ 
appear. 

It is well to hear in mind that the danger 
is pretty much all on the side of overeating, 
the liability of eating ton little being very 
small ifideed. The tendency to overeat will 
be greatly lessened by eating very slowly, 
masticating the food thoroughly, and eating 
only the simplest articles. One who has 
never made the experiment will be aston¬ 
ished tt) see how little food is really required 
to support life. Tlie writer has lived for 
months at a time on an average of seventeen 
ounces of solid food per day, gaining flesh 
the whole time. Comaro, an Italian noble¬ 
man, lived for many years on twelve ounces 
of solid f<x)d per day (by solid food is meant 
the weight). 

Numerous experiments made by Lelbeby, 
Parkes, and many other scientists, together 
with a careful study of the dietaries of vari¬ 
ous classes of artisans, laborers, professional 
men, etc., show that life can be well sup¬ 
ported upon twenty ounces of carbonaceous 
and two and one-half ounces of nitrogenous 
food per day. Pugilists in training usually 
take but twenty ounces of solid food, and 
nmricrous classes of individtials subsist upon 
a considerably less quantity. 

By reference to the table of nutritive vaK 
lies given on page 35, it will be easily possi¬ 
ble to ascertain the amount of nutriiiient 
consumed in any given quantity of different 
varieties of food. It is perhaps worthy of 
remark that the grains, as showm in the. 
table, are by far the most nutritious of all 
the various classes of food. When economy 
must be considered in the selection of food, 
this is a very imptntant consideration ; and 
it becomes doubly evident when we consider 
that it takes eleven pounds of vegetable food, 
including Indian meal, dry hay, etc., to. 
make one of beef. It thus appears that a 
pound of beefsteak, or second-hand grain, 
costs thirty times as much as a pound of 
grain taken at first hand, besides being 
vastly inferior in quality. 


ANvSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 


Chewing Gum — Food Value of the Egg¬ 
plant — Ralston Health Club. — N. W. 
L., Kansas, asks : “ i. What effect does 
chewing gum have upon the system ? 2. Do 

you recommend the eggplant as a food ? 
3. What is your opinion of the Ralston 
Health Club as a reform ? ” 

Ans, — I. It wastes the saliva and exhausts 
the salivary glands. 

2. The nutritive value of the eggplant is 
very small, and on the whole this fruit is 
scarcely worth eating. 

3. We are not very familiar with the de¬ 
tails of the Ralston Health Club management, 
but recognize the fact that many persons 
have been, through this means, enlightened 
respecting the healthful care of their bodies. 

The Banana. — 1 . H. S., Ohio, wishes 
to know : ** i. The nutritive value of the 
banana. 2. If it should be cooked before 
eating." 

Ans, — I. The nutritive value of the banana 
is 26.7 per cent. 

2. When the banana is allowed to mature 
properly before picking, and is then ripened, 
it is as mellow and luscious as a peach, and 
easily digestible ; but if picked too green, it 
withers, and is then tough and indigestible. 
Green bananas may, however, be rendered 
digestible by baking. 


Injured Knee. — C. C., Michigan, a young 
lady of sixteen years, writes that last August 
she had a fall in which her knee was injured, 
the joint water being forced out. It was 
treated with hot water at first, and later by 
a mustard plaster and rest, but has not im¬ 
proved. She desires suggestions for treat¬ 
ment, and to know if she should wear a 
rubber stocking. 

Ans . — Fomentations applied two or three 
times a day for twenty minutes at a time; a 
cold, moist compress worn at night; massage, 
and electricity are the most effective means 
for treatment. A rubber stocking may be 
of value. 


Hickory-Nuts—Walnuts.-- L. B. O., 
Ohio, writes: “ i. Are hickory-nuts and 

walnuts good, wholesome food, and easy to 
digest ? 2. How should they be prepared ? " 


Ans, — I. Yes, if thoroughly chewed, es¬ 
pecially if subjected to a suitable prepara¬ 
tion. 

2. Nuts as well as other foods are improved 
by cooking. Thorough disintegration adds 
still further to their digestibility. 


Facial Neuralgia. — Miss S. M. W., ol 
Iowa, asks: “What is the best treatment 
for facial neuralgia, especially that form 
which attacks the angle of the jaw, producing 
sharp pain on moving ? 

Ans , — This symptom is generally due to 
disordered digestion. Correction of the con¬ 
dition of the stomach by a dry, aseptic diet, 
consisting chiefly of granose, fruits, and nut 
products, will often cause the pain to disap¬ 
pear at once. As a palliative, the fomenta¬ 
tion is of great value. Applications of 
electricity, particularly galvanism and the 
rapidly alternating sinusoidal current, are of 
great value. 


Hay Fever — Eggs and Milk — Dan¬ 
druff. — R. H. W., Indiana, asks for answers 
to the following questions; “ i. Can hay 
fever be cured? If so, please give remedy. 
2. Are soft-boiled eggs and milk a good com¬ 
bination? 3. What will remove dandruff and 
restore oil to the hair ? ’’ 

Ans , — I. Yes. There are no simple reme¬ 
dies. The disease requires patient and 
thorough treatment by a specialist. The 
treatment mu.st be begun several months be¬ 
fore the time of the expected attack. The 
electric-light hath is an excellent palliative. 

2. Yes. 

3. Bathing the scalp with cold water two 
or three times a day, followed by vigorous 
rubbing of the scalp with the finger tips, is an 
excellent measure for this difficulty. 


Injured Eye.— A. A. J. asks fur advice 
as to the treatment of an eye that was “ rup¬ 
tured " the 17th of last June by a knot which 
flew from a shingle jointer. The eye is still 
badly inflamed, a cataract is growing over 
the pupil, but the sight is not entirely de¬ 
stroyed. 

Ans .— Consult a good oculist at once. 


53 







54 


ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS, 


Bright’s Disease. — Mrs. R. R. B., Ch 
cago, asks for a prescription for diet in 
Bright’s disease and kidney trouble. 

Ans . — Kidney trouble is too general a 
‘term to allow either of a diagnosis or a pre¬ 
scription. Bright’s disease appears in both 
acute and chronic forms. Generally this 
disease requires suppression of all causes of 
renal irritation. The food must be sufficient 
but never in excess; Meats, condiments, any¬ 
thing more than a small amount of salt, and 
all indigestible, irritating foods must be care¬ 
fully avoided. During the acute attack, a 
diet of kumyss or buttermilk is to be recom¬ 
mended. Meats must be wholly avoided, and 
the diet should consist chiefly of fruits, 
.grains, and nuts. 


Tooth-Powder—Sleeplessness.— E.W., 
a student in Massachusetts, asks: “ i. What 
is the best preparation to keep the teeth 
white and clean? What is the price of 
sanitary tooth-powder? 2. What will keep 
one from being sleepy while studying ?” 

Ans ,— I, The Antiseptic Dentifrice, sold 
'by the Sanitary Supply Co., Battle Creek, 
Mich, Price, fifteen cents a tube. 

2. Abundance of fresh air, vigorous exer¬ 
cise, a simple, abstemious diet, with good 
digestion. 


Diabetes. — G. B. J. inquires: “Whatdo 
you recommend for an aged person suffering 
from diabetes? The family physician will 
allow nothing but flesh food and oranges. 
2. A merchant here would like to know how 
much it would cost an * ordinary man ’ a 
month to live on health foods. 3. If fruit 
canned in glass jars cannot be obtained, 
'what kind would you recommend? ** 

Ans ,— I. The following is the list of foods 
which we employ in treating diabetes; Glu¬ 
ten biscuit, lettuce, celery, asparagus, spin¬ 
ach, greens, kumyss, cottage cheese, butter¬ 
milk, nuts, nut butter, nut meal. Experi¬ 
ence has shown most conclusively that the 
liberal use of meat in cases of diabetes is 
dangerous, as it gives rise to diabetic coma. 

2. At the Chicago Medical Missionary 
Training-School, located at 1926 Wabash 
Ave., more than one hundred persons are 
living hygienically on Sanitarium foods. 
The average cost for each person is about 


eight cents a day, or sixty cents a week. 
The writer has lived for niontlis at a time at 
an expense of six cents a day, or forty-two 
cents a week. At this rate the cost per 
month would not exceed two dollars. 

3. There are some very excellent dried 
fruits to be had in the market, such as 
prunes, figs, apricots, and raisins, all of 
which are to be recommended. 


Position of the Bed — Home Gymnas¬ 
tics. — Mrs. R. E., Kentucky, asks: “ i. 
What is the most healthful position of the 
bed as regards the points of compass ? 2. 

Please give me the author and price of any 
work or works that you could recommend on 
methodical gymnastics or Swedish gymnas¬ 
tics for use in a family of children.” 

Ans .— I. The position of the body in bed 
in relation to the points of the compass is a 
matter of total indifference. The magnetic 
currents which pass over the earth’s surface 
are wholly without effect upon the human 
body. 

2. “The Special Kinesiology of Educa¬ 
tional Gymnastics,” by Baron Nils Posse, 
published by Lee and Shepard, Boston. 


Fetid Feet. — S. C., Kentucky, asks what 
to do for fetid feet, and the cause of the 
trouble. 

Ans ,— Bathe the feet in cold water for fif¬ 
teen or twenty minutes daily. Let the water 
be as cold as can be borne, and place in the 
foot-bath tub only enough water to cover the 
soles of the feet. Cleanse the feet daily with 
Castile soap, and apply subcarbonate of bis¬ 
muth freely in a solution of water. Equal 
parts of subcarbonate of bismuth and sal¬ 
icylic acid makes a very effective remedy 
in some cases. The stockings should be 
changed daily. 

Bromose for Babies. — M. L. E., a nurse 
in Maine, wishes to know if bromose is suit¬ 
able to feed to infants under one month old. 
In her practise she finds that cow’s milk 
does not always agree with young babies. 

Ans .— Bromose has saved the life of many 
babies. It is admirably adapted to the in¬ 
fantile stomach, and does not form curds as 
does cow’s milk. It is rich in fat, and is the 
ideal food for infants. 







ANSIVERS TO CORRESPONDEiVTS. 


55 


Rheumatism — Cramps — Floating Kid¬ 
ney— Bathing — Burning Feet — Wrin¬ 
kles— Falling Hair — Electric Baths — 
Tired Feeling. — M. E. W.^ writing for a 
number of people in a boarding-house in 
Chicago, inquires: ** i. What is the best and 
quickest way to cure muscular rheumatism ? 

2. What causes cramping of the limbs ? 3. 

What will cure it ? 4. What can be done 

for a person who has stiffness in the hips, 
legs, neck, and shoulders ? It has devel¬ 
oped in three months, the patient having 
had good health up to this time, and having 
walked a good deal. 5. What treatment is 
given for floating kidney? 6. Is it good for 
the skin to bathe the face in hot water be¬ 
fore retiring, or is cold water best at all 
times ? 7. What can be done for feet that 

burn ? 8. What will keep the hands from 

becoming wrinkled ? 9. Wliy does the face 

wrinkle more than the body ? 10. What will 

prevent the hair from falling out ? ii. What 
will make it grow? 12. Are the same elec¬ 
tric baths given in Chicago that are used at 
the Battle Creek Sanitarium ? 13. What 

remedy is there for * that tired feeling ’ ? ” 

Am .— I. The warm bath is the most valu¬ 
able remedy. The diet must also be cor¬ 
rected. Dilatation of the stomach exists in 
most cases of rheumatism of all forms; 
hence an aseptic dietary must be adopted. 
A diet consisting of fruit, grains, and nut 
preparations is most suitable. 

2. The cause may e.xist either in the mus¬ 
cles or in the nerve-centers. 

3. The best remedy is a neutral bath of 
92® F. for half an hour or an hour. 

4. A w'arm bath, fomentations over the 
affected parts, massage, and electricity are 
the most valuable measures. 

5. The kidney should be supported by a 
suitable abdominal supporter. The Natural 
Abdominal Supporter is the only one we can 
fully recommend. It is sold by the Modem 
Medicine Co., Battle Creek, Mich. In case 
the disorder is painful, and the prolapsed 
organ cannot be held in place by the sup¬ 
porter, it may be necessary to have the 
organ fixed in place by a surgical operation. 
The operation is not dangerous, and rarely 
fails to succeed. 

6. Both hot and cold water may be use¬ 
fully applied to the face. The application 
of heat aids in emptying the skin of its se¬ 
cretions when the so-called pores or ducts 


are obstructed. The applicatiou of cold 
water to tlie skin stimulates the circulation. 

7. Place against the feet, after retiring, a 
rubber bag of ice water. 

8. Daily bathing in warm water and rub¬ 
bing with oil. 

9. It is doubtless due to the effect of the 
muscles of expression in wrinkling and fold¬ 
ing of the skin. 

10. Cut the hair close, and shampoo the 
scalp evei*y morning with cold water. 

11. The same measures will make it grow, 
unless the roots of the hair are destroyed. 

12. Yes. 

13. Get a new set of nerves. 


Sour Milk. —O. S. F., Wyoming, having 
seen a statement in the Gospel of Health 
that the Germans and others of various 
countries sour their milk before using it, and 
that the natives of Iceland store up their 
milk in a hogshead in the back yard for use 
during the year, wishes to know if such milk 
is to be recommended as food. Can it be. 
preferable to good sweet milk and cream? 

Am .— Sour milk scalded so as to kill the- 
germs and the yeast which it contains, is^ 
more digestible than sweet cow’s milk that is 
raw, or even boiled milk, in the majority of 
cases. The small curds which it forms are 
easily broken up in the stomach, thus facili¬ 
tating the process of digestion, while raw 
milk forms large, hard curds, which are dif¬ 
ficult of digestion. Milk which has under¬ 
gone putrefaction should, of course, be.- 
avoided. 


Bad Taste in the Mouth — Gltcozone. 
— S. H. C., Washington, asks: ** i. What 
is the trouble when a person wakes in the 
morning with a bad taste in the mouth ? 2. 

Would you advise the internal use of hydro- 
zone or glycozone in such a case ? 

Afis .— I. Germs. There is doubtless 
indigestion. The free use of milk, late sup¬ 
pers, and similar errors in diet are frequent 
causes of this symptom, which is also often 
present in dilatation of the stomach. 

2. The remedies might prove of some 
value, but the diet must also be corrected. 
Antiseptic tablets are especially to be rec- 
o mmended, instead of the remedies named. 




LITERARY NOTICES. 


“The Cigarette and the Youth/* by 
E. A. King, President of the Anti-Cigar¬ 
ette League, presents the facts of the 
case in such a manner as to arouse the 
most indifferent as to the extent of this 
great evil. It should be scattered broad¬ 
cast that no one may be able to claim 
ignorance as his excuse for failing to con¬ 
demn the habit. No better work could 
be done by teachers than to place a copy 
of this little leaflet in the hands of every 
parent within reach. The public should 
be educated and a sentiment against 
the habit created, that the existing laws 
may be enforced. 

Those who are interested in the na¬ 
tion's welfare should buy the leaflet in 
large quantities for free distribution. The 
price is such that all can afford to do 
this. Single copy, sets.; twelve copies, 
25 cts. ; fifty copies, $1.00. Wood-Alien 
Publishing Co., Ann Arbor, Mich. 


Good Housekeepings the well-known 
monthly ** conducted in the interests of 
the higher life of the household, ** com¬ 
pleted its twenty-fifth volume with the 
December issue, which is, very naturally, 
largely a Christmas number. Nearly all 
the verse relates to holiday subjects; as 
does the leading story and the “practical 
papers.** This desirable number may be 
obtained free with a subscription for 1898, 
$2 a year. Clark W. Bryan Company, 
Springfield, Mass. 


The publishers of the Ladies' Home 
fournal announce that their journal for 
the year 1898 will be “the best of all the 
years.** Their aim will be to make it the 
56 


most cheerful and helpful magazine which 
a woman can have in her home. The 
price will remain the same, one dollar for 
a year*s subscription. The Curtis Publish¬ 
ing Company, Philadelphia. 


The Atlaniic Monthly aims to represent 
the interests of cultivated readers who are 
thoroughly concerned in the develop¬ 
ment of the higher life of the nation and 
wish to see great subjects treated in a 
great way, and who seek in their maga¬ 
zine also a satisfaction of their de¬ 
mand for pure literature. It combines 
the prominent features of the political, 
historical, and sociological review, the 
critical and scholarly journal, and the 
vehicle for creative literature. Hough¬ 
ton, Mifflin & Co., Boston, Mass. 


Beginning with the new yeaY, Popular 
Science News (New Y'ork) is to be much 
improved, many new writers and promi¬ 
nent contributors having been engaged. 
This popular monthly contains a large 
number of short, easy, practical, inter¬ 
esting, and popular scientific articles, 
that can be appreciated and enjoyed by 
any intelligent reader, even though he 
knows little or nothing of science. 

Its departments of Nature, Science, 
Archeology, Invention, Health, Electric¬ 
ity, Hygiene, and Medicine are ably con¬ 
ducted by specialists, either one being 
alone worth the subscription price. The 
journal is a great educator for young and 
old. Write for a free sample copy. Men¬ 
tion this magazine. 

Address Popular Science, ro8 Fulton 
St., New York. 






PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. 


We feel sure that our rearlers will not be slow 
to recognize the fact that Good Health has 
<lonnecl a new dress; and we trust the change will 
meet the hearty approval of the thousands of sub* 
scri!)ers, old and new, whose generous patronage 
has made it possible for us to make this improve¬ 
ment in the magazine, which, from an artistic stand¬ 
point, is, we believe, the best movement we have 
ever made in this line. The original drawing was 
executed by Geo, Willis Bardwcll, a leading artist 
of Brooklyn, N, Y., who kindly gave his personal 
supervision lo the making of the plates. 

Good Health aims to be in the front rank of 
progress in everything with which it undertakes to 
deal. It is pre-eminently a magazine for the peo¬ 
ple, and the managers have constantly before them 
the idea that not a single page, from front cover to 
back, shall present anything which will not meet the 
approval of all intelligent and sensible people. 

Good Health for 1S9S is going to be the best 
volume of the best health magazine ever pub¬ 
lished. The field occupied by Good Heai.th is 
unique. No other health journal has ever under¬ 
taken to stand alone on its own merits as an ex¬ 
ponent of sound scientific principles in relation to 
healthful living. The expense in connection with 
the publication of a magazine like this far exceeds 
any income which can be expected from subscrip¬ 
tions, other journals relying upon a liberal income 
from their advertising pages from which to make up 
the deficit and provide an income. The policy pur¬ 
sued by this magazine, however, has made impossi¬ 
ble any considerable amount of income from this 
source, owing to the fact that it excludes from its 
advertising pages as rigorously as from its editorial 
columns anything which is out of harmony with the 
principles for which it stands; in other words, it 
refuses to advertise anything in which it does not 
believe, and which it does not know to be genuine. 
This policy necessarily cuts off a revenue amount¬ 
ing to many thousands of dollars anuually, and ne¬ 
cessitates an annual deficit of several thousand dol¬ 
lars, which has, from year to year, been made up 
from other sources. The editors and managers have 
kept their eyes steadfastly fixed upon the idea for 
which this mag.azine and the various other enter¬ 
prises with which it is connected, stand before the 
world, and have qndeavored to make it a consistent 
exponent of an advanced line of sanitary reform 
and wholesome living. 

It is highly gratifying to the managers to see that 
their efforts to maintain a journal free from every 
taint of quackery, humbuggery, pseudo-science, and 
fads of all sorts is, from year to year, coming to he 


more appreciated by an intelligent public, and, with 
an increased number of contributors and the en¬ 
couragement of a greatly enlarged constituency, it 
is believed that during the year 1898 and the years 
to come, the magazine will be made more and more 
deserving of the cordial sympathy and support which 
have been accorded it and the principles which it 
represents. 

The plan of campaign which the managers of 
Good Health have adopted during the last year 
has demonstrated the f.icl that there is lo be found 
in every city a multitude of men and women who 
are eagerly inquiring after belter ways in diet, dress, 
and other matters pertaining lo the care of the body. 

Miss Butler, who, in company with nearly a dozen 
trained nurses and other workers in this line, is 
at the present time reprc.senting the Good Health 
Publishing Company in St, Louis, Mo., reports that 
a number of Good Health Clubs arc idready in proc¬ 
ess of organization, and that the work is most cor¬ 
dially approved and supported by the leading 
physicians and best citizens. Mrs. Kate Nuding 
has recently joined the St. Louis corps, and will 
shortly begin a series of lessons in cookery in con¬ 
nection with the several Schools of Health which 
arc to be held. 

Misses Balles and Crowthers, trained nurse.s 
from the Battle Creek Sanitarium, have within the 
Iasi month conducted a very successful School of 
Health in Louisville, Ky. The organization of 
this school was chiefly due to the efforts of Mr. 
Vreeland, who had spent several weeks in intro¬ 
ducing the magazine to the elite of this flourishing 
Southern city. Its success was also in no small 
degree due to the kindly offices of Mr. W. M. 
Danner, the energetic general secretary of the 
Y. M. C. A. of Louisville. Thanks are also due 
to Mr. llalderman, well known throughout the 
United States as the proprietor of the Louisville 
Courier-Journal^ who freely gave the columns of 
his paper to promote the interests of the school and 
the work in which it is engaged. 


THANKSGIVING AT THE SANITARIUM. 

** Let us be thankful, not only that we are 'olive, 
but that everj’lhing else is alive,” said Ur. Kellogg 
in announcing that there would be no turkey, no 
animal food of any kind, at the Thanksgiving dinner 
of the Battle Creek Sanitarium. 

If all of the turkeys who escaped slaughter on 
account of this decree could have looked through 
the dining-room windows at the bountiful feast 




58 


PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT. 


served without them, their feelings of gratitude for 
Jife and liberty must certainly have been mingled 
with mortification to see of how little real con¬ 
sequence they were after all. 

This Thanksgiving slimier must have been a 
great disappointment to millions of germs that 
were thus cheated out of a glorious revel in the 
human stomach. 

One who enjoyed the pleasure of dining at the 
Sanitarium that day, and then read a sketch of 
the orthodox Thanksgiving repast that appeared in 
the Chicago Record that morning, could not help 
reflecting that “ the world does move,” skeptics 
to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The following is the menu of the Sanitarium 
dinner:— 

SOUPS 

Mock Bisque Vegetable Oyster 

VEOETABLES AND LEQUHES 
Mashed Sweet Potato Com Pulp Potato Puff 
Lentil Roast with Gravy 

Pease Patties with Tomato Sauce 

Baked Parsnips with Egg Sauce 
Toasted Nultose 

RELISHES 

Lettuce Chopped Beets Baked Apples 
GRAINS 
Wheatose 

Browned Rice with Black Raspberry Sauce 
BREADS 

Beaten Biscuit Cocoanut Crisps Currant Huns 
Wafer Sandwiches Oatmeal Biscuit 

Graham Bread White Bread Zwieback 

COOKED FRUITS 

Cherries Jellies Cranberries 
Sweet California Prunes 
Peaches 

DESSERT 

Nut Cake Lemon Pie 

FRESH FRUITS 

Oranges Grapes Apples Bananas 

While these dishes were all tempting and de¬ 
licious, one had no inclination to eat too much. 
He was just in the mood to appreciate this quota¬ 
tion from the Record : — 

“ Remember, when you face that vast array of 
food — the turkey with its moist halo, the foot-hill 
of mashed potatoes, the jungles of celery, the red 
lake of cranberry sauce, the pyramids of biscuit, 
the trembling molds of jelly, the fat cakes — re¬ 
member what you read in your school physiology, 
that the human stomach has a capacity of three 
pints! 


If there is a soup, it is oy.sier soup of exceeding 
richness, which takes the edge from any faltering 
appetite. 

” But you must eat. 

“• Eail’ says the anxious woman who has pre¬ 
pared all this mammoth feast especially for you. 

” * Eat! ’ 

“It is not a request or an entreaty; it is a c<ira- 
mand. 

“Food descends upon you as by an avalanche. 

“ ‘ Eat! * comes the command again. 

“ Eat turkey because tradition says you must. 

“Take the cranberry sauce because it goes with 
turkey. 

“ Dare to refuse mother’s cake, and you are an 
undutiful son. 

“ Refuse sister’s nut cake, and note her dis¬ 
appointment. 

“ What! refuse the fruit-cake that has been 
saving for two months ? 

“Wave away the pumpkin pie — you who have 
always been so fond of it ? 

“Why, the preserved peaches were opened espe¬ 
cially on your account. 

“ * Eat 1 * 

“ Soldiers have died for their country and their 
families. Why should you refuse to eat?” 

Upon the back of the Sanitarium menu were 
printed the following verses; they express con¬ 
cisely the principle upon which the dinner was 
given : — 

“ While earth not only can our needs supply, 

But, lavish of her store, provides for luxury, 

A guiltless feast administered with ease, 

And without blood, is prodigal to please.*' 

“’T is then for naught that Mother Earth pro¬ 
vides 

The stores of all she shows and all she hides. 

If man with fleshy morsels must be fed, 

And chaw witli bloody teeth the breathing 
bread.” 

“ Not so the golden age who fed on fruit. 

Nor durst with bloody meals their mouths pol¬ 
lute.*’ 

“Where will he stop who feeds with household 
bread, 

Then eats the poultry which before he fed ? ’* 


A VEGETARIAN BANQUET. 

A CO.MPI.IMENTARY banquet was given by the 
Sanitarium to the Calhoun County Medical Associ¬ 
ation, the evening of December the seventh. Con¬ 
ducted by the Sanitarium physicians, the guests first 



PUBLISHERS* DEPARTMENT. 


made the tour of the Sanitarium and Hospital, vis¬ 
iting the bath-rooms, laboratories, Swedish me¬ 
chanical movement room, gymnasium, etc. Great 
interest was shown in the arrangements for giv¬ 
ing electric-light baths and electric baths. The 
gymnasium was a handsome sight, as a large 
class of nurses was taking the regular drill in 
physical training. The X-ray was on exhibition 
in the static room, and most of the visitors took a 
look at their skeleton hands just before going into 
tlie dining-room. , 

The Sanitarium dining-room was beautifully dec¬ 
orated for the occasion, and great pains was taken 
to seat the company so that the visiting physicians 
and the Sanitarium physicians might become as 
generally acquainted as possible. 

The dinner was similar to the one served Thanks¬ 
giving day, there being no animal foods except 
milk and cream. Some of the guests will never 
forget the meaning of “nuttosc”and “granose,” 
for these articles of food were in high request. 
Each table had a tempting centerpiece of fruit. 
The toasts responded to were as follows: — 

Master of Ceremonies, ..Dr. J. F. Smiley 

“Tried, Trusted, and True, with hand on the helm he 
guides us through." 

Welcome.».Dr. S. S. French 

“You have now a broken banquet; but we’ll mend it. 
A good digestion to you all: and once more 1 shower 
a welcome on ye.” 

The Old and the New.Dr, Geo. W. Green 

** I shall le.'ive you one o' tliesc days, and I have a rheum 
in mine eyes, too,’’ 

The Doctor in Politics....Dr. E. J. Pendcll 

“Truly I have him ; but I would not tike to be the party 
that should desire to touch him.” 

Relation of the General Practitioner to Medical 

Colleges...Dr. C. L. Barber 

“I shall attend your leisure; but make haste.’* 

The Doctor’s Wife.Dr. C. Van Zvvahiwenburg 

“ Oft have 1 seen her standing thus, while lengthening 
shadows crept along the gravel w’alk, patiently await¬ 
ing his return.” 

Medical Societies..Dr. Darling 

“Like sunheums sifted through forest le.ives diffusing 
light about.*' 

The Press.Hon. Geo. Willard 

“They have chosen a council that will from them take 
their liheriies." 

Care of the Sick Poor at Public Expense. 

.Dr. Geo. H. Greene 

“ Brother, have you a voice of mercy iu you?" 

Vacation.l>r, Charles Nancrede 

“ \nd carry with us ears and eyes for the time." 


5 9 

Our Legal Brethren.L. E. Clawson, Esq- 

“ 1 heard of one of them no longer ago than yesterday.*^ 

Shall Our Students and Practitioners Go Abroad for 

Instruction?.Dr. H. D. Thomasoo 

“ Aud yet I am doubtful, for I am mainly ignorant." 

The Physician as a Philanthropist. 

.Dr, D. H. Kress 

“Very good, give it nothing. I pray you, for it is not 
worth the feeding." 

Our Hospitals.Dr. H. B. O.sbome 

“ By the side of the public road stands a friendly roof, for 
all wanderers who pass this way." 

Medical Education.Dr. A. W. Alvord 

“1 *11 stand to-day for thee, and me and Troy." 

Our Cures Oft in Ourselves Do Dwell, which We 
Ascribe to Heaven.Rev. Lewis Brown 

“ He who merely is, may be a dull insensate hind, but he 
who knows, is in himself divine.’* 

The Doctor’s Horse,..Dr. E. W. Lamoreaux 

“ Foam flecked and panting, he arrived at the gate." 
Almost any good short speech is like a glass of 
soda-water—it eHervesces,— you feel the charm^ 
but a moment later you cannot describe it. We 
could not catch the bubbles on these toasts for 
Good Health, but a few of the facts did not es¬ 
cape so easily. 

Dr. French slated that millions of manufactured 
goods are sent out from Battle Creek yearly, to 
every part of the civilized world. No small con- 
trilmlion to this vast export is made by the health 
foods of the Sanitarium. 

Dr. Pendell was sure that if the doctors would 
go into politics as a unit, they could become a 
power for good. 

Dr. Greene thought that the care of the sick poor 
should not be knocked down to the highest bidder^ 
but that every sick person should have a choice as 
to his physician. 

Mr. Clawson, who is a physician’s husband, him¬ 
self a lawyer, said : “You must go to Berlin for 
universities, to Paris for fashions, to Chicago for 
high buildings, to Memphis for tombs, but your 
must go to Battle Creek for cereal foods.” 

Dr. Thomason said that medical science abroad 
is not more advanced than our own. The medical 
student and practitioner should study at home, but 
go abroad to compare. “ ;Vs a nation we are heirs, 
to practical progress.” 

Dr. Kress believed that the social outcast is worth 
feeding. He showed how one man’s soul had been 
saved through the agency of a bowl of soup. He 
said that the physician has exceptional opportuni¬ 
ties to do good. It is his duty to go back to the 
causes of sickness and disease, to be an educator as 
well as a doctor. 












6o 


PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT, 


Dr. Osborne gave amusing reminiscences of the 
lack of antiseptic precautions in surgical wards 
thirty years ago. 

Those not of the fraternity who were present 
were convinced that a banqueter’s toast loses 
nothing in flavor from being well medicated. 


Mk. R. r. Marks, of the Marshall Kicld Com¬ 
pany, Chicago, has been a guest of the Sanitarium 
for nine we^s. He returns to his place of business 
greatly restored in health and strength. During 
his stay with us Mr. Marks won universal esteem 
by his kind and cheerful deportment and truly 
genteel ways. 


T. \V. 11 . H. Johnston, Esq., of St. I'aul, secre¬ 
tary of pensions for tl»e United .Slates Senate, and 
his estimable wife, have been with us through the 
autumn, and returned to their duties in W.ashington 
Oil the reassembling of Congress. We .all became 
much attached to thesck ind friends. Mr. Johnson 
was ever ready to assist with kind Christian words 
in private or public whenever opportunity appeared. 


In going to Si, Paul and Minneapolis the wise 
traveler selects the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railway. 

Why? 

It is the best road between (Chicago and the 
Twin Cities. 

Tt has the most perfect track. 

Its eijuipinent is the finest. 

Its slccping-cars arc palaces. 

Its dining-car service is equal to the best hotels. 

Us electric-lighted trains are steam-heatcil. 

Its general excellence has no equal. 

It is pnlronijfcd by the best ]»eople. 

It is the favorite route for ladies and children as 
well as for men. 

It is the most popular road west of Chicago. 

For further information, apply to nearest ticket 
.agent or address Harry Mcrccr, Michigan Passen¬ 
ger Agent, C., M. & St. P. Ry.. 7 Fort St., W., 
Detroit, Mich. 


Niew Facts AiiotT South Dakota.— To en¬ 
able the farmers in the Fastern Stales to pass the 
long winter evenings in an entertaining and instruct¬ 
ive manner, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul 
Railway Company has recently published for free 
distribution, a new pamphlet, finely illustrated with 
pictures which will delight the eyes of Eastern 
farmers, and containing letters from their breth¬ 
ren in South Dakota descriptive of their experience 
while tilling the soil and raising cattle, sheep, and 
hogs in the “Sunshine Stale.” 


This pamphlet is well worth reading through 
from cover to cover. It will be sent free if you 
will send your address to either H. F. Hunter, Im¬ 
migration Agent, 291 Dearborn St., Chicago; nr to 
Geo. H. Ileafford, General P.issenger .Agent, Old 
Colony Building, Chicago, Ill. 


OwrNC to the early publication of the January 
issue of GoudHrai.th, the managers have thought 
best to defer the result of the menu contest till the 
February number, 'riiis will give more time for all 
contestants and opportunity for the committee to 
look into the merits of each proof submitted. The 
terms of this offer appeared in the advertising de 
partmeiit of the December number. 


A M\E view of Pikes Peak and of .Mounts Har¬ 
vard, Vale, and Princeton in the Rocky .Mountains 
c.'iii be had from the tourist car of the Midland Tour 
ist Route which leaves Chicago for California at 10 
o’clock every Saturday night from the Chicago, 
Milwaukee & .St. Paul Railway passenger station. 
For illustrated descriptive circular apply to the 
nearc.st coupon ticket agent, or address Harry Mer¬ 
cer, Michigan Passenger agent, C., M. St. P. Ky,, 
7 Fort St., W., ptetroit. Mich. 


From TUI.Great Lakes to t 'olok.mjo. — 1,069 
miles in less than 33 hours in an clcctric-lighted 
sleeping-car, from Chicago to Denver, over the 
Omaha Short l.ine of the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul Railway and the Rock Island Route, via 
Lincoln, Neb. Time annihilates space, ami it 
is “ mighty easy ridin’ ” on the cars. 

Ticket Offices, 95 Adams street and at Cnion 
Passenger Station, Canal and Ad.Tms streets, Chi¬ 
cago. Train starts every night at 10 o'clock. 
Don't gel left. 


Do you love music ? If su, secure one of the 
latest and prettiest two-steps of the day, by mailing 
ten cents (silver or stamps) to cover mailing and 
postage, to the undersigned for a copy of the “ Big 
Four Two-Slcp.” (.Mark envelope “Two-Step.”) 
We are giving tins music, which is regular fifty- 
cent sheet music, at this exceedingly low rale for 
the purpose of aiivcrtising, and testing the value of 
the different papers as advertising mediums. Ad¬ 
dress E. O. McCormick, Passenger Traffic Manager, 
Big Four Route,” Cincinnati, O. 

Mention this paper wdien you write. 


Coi.UMiiiA Cai.kndau FOR iSqS.— Forlhcthlr- 
Icenili year the Columbia Pad Calendar makes its 
appearance promptly on time for 1898, and while 
its general style is of the same familiar ch.iracler, 











PUBLI SUERS* DEPAR TMENT. 


6i 


the many bright thoughts it contains, contributed 
by its friends in many parts of the country, as well 
as abroad, are new, and will be appreciated by all 
who lake an interest in bicycling, healthful exercise, 
and good roads. 

The 1S9S Columbia Pad Calendar contains a con¬ 
venient arrangeincnr of dales that will prove useful 
to busy men; and as plenty of space is reserved for 
memoranda, the pad may be used as diary and as a 
reminder for business appointments and obligations. 
It is neat in appearance, lakes up but little room, 
and is both ornamental and useful for the desk, 
while its stand is of such character that it may be 
used either upon the desk nr hung upon the wall. 

'rhe moon's phases are indicated in the Calendar 
for the benefit of those who wish to have this iir 
formation. The calendar is ready for distribution, 
and all orders for it will be filled upon the day of 
receipt, li can be obtained by mail prepaid for 
five Iwo-ccnt stamps by addressing the Calendar 
Department of the Pope M.anufacluring f-ompauy, 
Hanford, Conn. 

To Sunny California. — Every Saturday nighi 
during the winter months personally conducted 
Tourist Car excursions, organized by the Chic.igo, 


Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, start from Chicago 
at 10 o'clock H. M., and run through Omaha, Lin¬ 
coln, Colorado Springs, and .Salt Lake City, to 
Sacramento, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, via 
the popular Midland Tourist Car Route. 

Each car is accompanied by an intelligent and 
obliging courier, who makes himself useful to all 
the passengers. 'I'his is an entirely new departure 
in Tourist Car service, and is highly approved by 
hundreds of California passengers. K sleeping 
berth costs but SO, and the railroad ticket is 
proportionately cheaj>. 

Apply to the nearest (Coupon ’Pickcl Agent, for 
an illustrated time-table folder of the Midland 
Route to California, or address for further infor¬ 
mation, 

Harry MERcr.k, 

Michigan Passenger Agent, Detroit, Mich. 


SlART right for the new year by traveling via 
the Hig Four. Wagner sleeping cars, private com¬ 
partment sleeping car.s, buffet parlor cars, elegant 
day ct)aches, dining cars. Elegant equipment, Su¬ 
perior service. E. O. McCokmic, Pass. Traf, 
Mgr.; Warrr.n J, Lynch, Asst. Gcn’l Pass, and 
Ticket Agl., Cincintiall, O. 



MARCHAND’S EYE BALSAM 


(C. P. Vegetable Glycerijie 
combined ■with O'rone) 


THE MOST POWERFUL AND AT THE SAME TIME HARMLESS 
HEALING AGENT KNOWN. 



(30 volumes preserved 

aqueous solution of HiO.) 


s THE MOST POWERFUL ANTISEPTIC AND PUS DESTROYER. 
HARMLESS STIMULANT TO HEALTHY GRANULATIONS. 


CtJKK. tiuicKLY Suppurative and Inflammatory Diseases of the Eye: 

Catarrhal Conjunctivitis or Ophthalmia, 
Purulent Conjunctivitis, — Ophthalmia in Children, 
Inflamed and Granular Eye Lids, Etc. 

Send for free 240-page book Treatment of Diseases caused by Germs,*^ containing reprints 
of 120 scientific articles by leading contributors to medical literature. 

Pl^sicians remitting 50 cents will receive one complimentary sample of each^ ‘‘Hydrozone^ 
and "Eye Balsam” by express, charges prepaid. 

Mari'liiiiicrs Eye Btdsam is put up only in one size 
bottle. Package sealed with my signature. 

llydrozoiie is put up only m extra smiill, small, medium, 
ami large size bottles, hearing a red label, wbiie letters, gold and 
blue Imrder with my signature. 

(Hycozoiie is put up only in 4-oz., 8-oz. and i6-oz. bottles, 
bearing a yellow I:il>cl, white and black letters, red anrl blue 
border with my signature. 

Charles Marchand, 28 Prince Street, New York. 

Sold by leading^ Druggists. Avoid Imitations. Mention this Publicatioa 


Prepared only by 



Chemist ttinl Gradvatf of fA/* OfntraU 

de» Art» il llunvfaclurea dv y'arw” (t'raitca). 










ADVERTISEMENTS. 





'NEW SINUSOIDAL APPARATUS.' 


♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ 


apparatus is extremely convenient in use. It is always ready for 
/] business, and the several different currents can be obtained by simply mov- 
J ing a switch, and without adjustment of the conducting cords. 

' Its large capacity is shown by the fact that it will light an ordinary 

16 C. P. electric lamp. 

It is provided with a perfect speed regulator, and the current is controlled 
by a simple rheostat, as any other electrical current. 

This apparatus, which is now for the first time made available to the members 
of the profession, is furnished in the following styles and combinations :— 


Sinusoidal apparatus with permanent magnets; hand motor, consisting of a crank with 
grappling pulley and plate mounted on wooden base ; electric motor to be run with two 
Edison or storage cells ; electric motor, to be operated by ordinary incandescent current 
lOO to I lo volts or with 50 volt current from transformer or an electric street-car system ; 
water motor; sponge rhesotat, convenient and indestructible. 

Some sort of motor is of course required to operate it. Any of the above 
motors will be found satisfactory, but the most satisfactory^ arrangement of all is, 
of course, the electric motor, operated by an electric-light system, which is constant 
and always ready for use. 

The sinusoidal machine can now be promptly furnished without motor, or with 
any of the different motors named above, carefully boxed and delivered at the 
express office. A full set of directions is sent with each apparatus. 

For circulars and prices address. 


THE SHNITReY JND ELECTRICHL SUPPLY CORIPHRY, 

Battle Creek, Mich.; or 28 College Place, Chicago, III 






THE NEBRASKA SANITARIUM. 


The Nebraska Sanitarium is a branch 
•of the great Medical and Surgical Sani¬ 
tarium at Battle Creek, Mich. It has as 
its superintendent, A. N. Loper, M. S., 
M. D., who was formerly a member of 
the medical staff of the Battle Creek 
Sanitarium. Dr. J. H. Kellogg, of the 
Battle Creek Sanitarium, acts as consult¬ 
ing and advisory physician. Its nurses 
have all received a thorough course of 
training at Battle Creek, and are well 


the East to the Pacific Coast. It has the 
Burlington Route, the Rock Island, the 
Union Pacific, the Fremont and Elk Horn, 
and various branches reaching out in every 
direction. 

The Nebraska Sanitarium is located at 
College View, just outside the noise and 
bustle of the city of Lincoln, where pure 
air, pure water, and a well-drained soil — 
the essential elements to a salubrious 
location — are happily combined. The 



•qualified to do excellent work. The 
treatment, dietary, and general manage¬ 
ment are all in harmony with the teach¬ 
ing and practise of the Sanitarium at 
Battle Creek, Mich. 

Location. 

Lincoln is a city of some 50,000 popu¬ 
lation, a prominent railroad center of the 
West, lying immediately in the track of 
several of the chief lines stretching from 


surrounding scenery consists of a series 
of pleasing undulations, dotted here and 
there by beautiful groves and streams. 
The increasing altitude, so noticeable to 
invalids in traveling from the East to 
the Rockies, renders this institution a 
favorable stopping-place for becoming 
acclimated by degrees, thus obviating 
the serious results sometimes experienced 
from too sudden a change from the dense 
atmosphere of the Lake Region and the 

6s 















66 


THE NEBRASKA SANITARIUM, 


Mississippi Valley to the rarer atmosphere 
of Colorado Springs, Boulder, and other 
mountain resorts. The altitude of College 
View is about 1,300 feet. 

One of the pleasant features of Ne¬ 
braska is the almost perpetual smoothness 
and solidity of her thoroughfares, render¬ 
ing outdoor exercise by means of walking, 
bicycling, driving, etc., both pleasant and 
profitable. The city of Lincoln, lying 
about three miles to the northwest, is 
connected by a spacious boulevard with 
a sister suburb of easy access to College 
View. 

An electric motor line of street-cars 
connects College View with Lincoln, run¬ 
ning direct from the post-office square in 
the city to within a few steps of the sani¬ 
tarium without change. All through cars 
on this line are marked “ Union College,*^ 
an excellent educational institution, the 
spacious grounds of which are adjacent 
to the Sanitarium. 

Accom modations. 

The main building of the Sanitarium 
affords room for about twenty patients, 
but ample accommodations are afforded 
by cottages and a large dormitory located 
only a few steps distant, which is heated 
by steam and lighted by electricity. Great 
care has been given to proper ventilation, 
heating, and other sanitary arrangements. 

Hethods. 

This institution, like the parent institu¬ 
tion at Battle Creek, Mich., differs from 
most sanitariums in that its central and 
fundamental idea is the thought that 
health-getting is not a matter of magic 
or of drugs, neither, in most cases, one 
of climate, but rather a matter of training 
and education. Most of the patients who 
come to us are sick because they have 
neglected to supply the conditions neces¬ 
sary for health, or because they have, by 
long-continued violation of the laws of 
health in various unhygienic practises. 


developed evil tendencies and deranged 
the functions of the various organs of 
the body. The cure of such patients 
must largely consist in a course of system¬ 
atic training by which they will be edu- 
cated out of their evil ways into better 
ones ; by which their abnormal vital func¬ 
tions will be trained to normal and health¬ 
ful activity. This course of treatment 
necessarily includes such discipline and 
regimen as will influence every disordered 
function. All the habits of life must be 
conformed to such rules and principles as 
will efficiently and curatively modify the 
disordered vital processes. 

This institution is simply a place where, 
by the aid of a liberal supply of the helps 
afforded by modem ideas of hygiene, sani¬ 
tation, and rational medicine, the patient 
is trained and educated out of his mor¬ 
bid state into a condition of health. 
First of all, of course, morbid conditions 
must be corrected so far as medical and 
surgical means can accomplish the work ; 
but when this has been done, there still 
remains a work which is too often neg¬ 
lected— that of training and disciplining 
the patient in right habits of activity, rest, 
diet, etc. 

We aim to cure the patient, not sim¬ 
ply his malady. A large number of the 
patients who visit our sanitariums have 
had their diseases cured many times. 
Their torpid livers, diseased kidneys, and 
sour stomachs have been cured again and 
again by patent medicines and nostrums 
of various sorts. Their nerves have been 
toned up and toned down by the most 
powerful specifics advertised in newspa¬ 
pers and almanacs. Nevertheless, they 
are still sick, and have not infrequently 
reached a condition in which their jaded 
livers, kidneys, stomachs, or nerves have 
ceased to react to the remedies swallowed, 
and the once highly prized mixtures no 
longer give even temporary relief. 

Many of those who patronize our insti- 


THE NEBRASKA SANITARIUM. 


67 


tutions are of the most chronic and ob¬ 
stinate class, and have previously visited 
many springs and health resorts. Al¬ 
most every change has brought relief, but 
the root of the difficulty remains, and can 
be eradicated only by a careful and scien¬ 
tifically directed course of health culture. 

This is just the class of patients to 
which a sanitarium should be adapted. 
The temporary relief afforded by palliative 
means is no longer obtainable. Radical 
measures must be adopted ; and for the 
successful employment of such means a 
well regulated institution, with its trained 
corps of attendants, its systematic rules 
and regulations, is absolutely indispen¬ 
sable. 

The managers have undertaken to make 
the Nebraska Sanitarium a thoroughly 
scientific health institution. The case of 
every patient is most thoroughly investi¬ 
gated. Physical examination includes 
not only the usual methods employed by 
the profession, but careful microscopical 
and bacteriological investigations in cases 
upon which such studies may throw light. 
To these are added the chemical analysis 
of stomach fluids obtained after a test 
breakfast, which includes a determina¬ 
tion of the exact amount and quality of 
the digestive work done by the stomach, 
thus ascertaining any excess or deficiency 
and its amount, and thereby obtaining 
data which may form the basis of an 
exact diagnosis of the condition of the 
stomach processes, and a rational pre¬ 
scription. Careful qualitative and quan¬ 
titative analysis of the secretions is made, 
and repeated as frequently as the condi¬ 
tions of the case may require. 

Medical Facilities. 

The methods of treatment include the 
best rational remedies for disease, and, 
in addition, a great number of means 
which can best be employed only in a 
well-equipped sanitarium, embracing the 


various resources of hydrotherapy, elec¬ 
tricity in all its most useful and scientific 
forms, sun-baths, manual Swedish move¬ 
ments, medicinal inhalations, etc. 

One of the latest additions to the thera¬ 
peutic resources of the institution is the 
electric-light or radiant-heat bath, which 
was originated at the Battle Creek (Mich.) 
Sanitarium about four years ago, and which 
proves to be a wonderfully effective agent 
in certain classes of diseases, its properties 
being exhilarating and tonic as well as 
eliminative, in which respects it is much 
superior to the Turkish, Russian, vapor, 
and other forms of eliminative baths, 
although the latter are also employed in 
cases in which they are specially indi¬ 
cated. The heat from the incandescent 
electric light is found to penetrate a long 
distance into the body. In fact, when 
the unclothed body is surrounded with a 
multitude of glowing electric lights, it 
may be said without exaggeration that 
every fiber of the body is illuminated by 
exposure to the powerful influence of this 
remedial agent. It has been shown that 
plants grow under the influence of the 
electric light as under the influence of 
sunlight. Seeds germinate, and various 
vital processes are carried on as though 
exposed to the action of the sun’s rays. 
The electric-light bath is perhaps a nearly 
complete substitute for the sun-bath, and 
has the advantage that it is under absolute 
control. Any degree of effect desired 
can be produced. 

Special attention is given to massage 
by skilled manipulators. The system 
employed is in some respects peculiar to 
our sanitariums, although not absolutely 
novel. It is made up of the most valu¬ 
able features of the French, German, Eng¬ 
lish, and Swedish systems of massage, 
and is modified, of course, to suit indi¬ 
vidual cases. In the manual Swedish 
movement department persons who have 
been carefully taught by trainers direct 


68 


THE HEBE A SKA SAN/TAEIUM. 


from Sweden do the most efficient service 
in this line. The system is not em¬ 
ployed in a haphazard way, as it is not 
left to the manipulators themselves, but is 
as carefully prescribed as medicines or 
any other class of curative agents. 

The electrical department includes an 
elaborate outfit of ingenious appliances. 
The electrical currents used are dosed 
with the greatest care, by means of deli¬ 
cate instruments prepared for regulating 
the amount of current required to meet 
the necessities of individual cases. 

There is no particular ‘‘system ** or rou¬ 
tine method employed in the establish¬ 
ment. The prescription for each patient 
is based upon the results of the careful 
examination made of his particular case, 
the specific wants of which are considered 
and met by suitable medicinal and other 
treatment, and an appropriate regulation 
of his diet and regimen, if required. Men¬ 
ial and moral means are not forgotten. 
The nervous patient must not only receive 
a suitable prescription for diet, etc., but 
must be trained to self-control. The neu¬ 
rasthenic must be taught to conserve nerv¬ 
ous energy, and how to cultivate nerve 
tone. The hysterical and hypochondria¬ 
cal must be convinced of the dangers 
arising from self-inspection and self-cen¬ 
tering of the mind, and must be cajoled 
into a healthy activity of mind and body. 
A man with a bad stomach or liver must 
be taught how to give his stomach and 
liver an easier time. The chronic pill- 
swallower must be weaned from his doses. 
The woman who takes an inventory of her 
symptoms every morning lest one should 
have disappeared overnight, must be jos¬ 
tled out of her invalid ruts, and must 
be inspired with a wholesome hatred of 
disease and an earnest determination to 
escape from its thralldom. 

An effort is made to inspire every one 
employed in the institution with the 
thought that the place must be kepi full 


of sturdy ideas about health and whole¬ 
some living, and that every room must be 
kept aglow with mental and moral sun¬ 
shine through the agency of cheerful sur¬ 
roundings, kindly sympathy, and efficient 
and amiable service. 

Special advantages are afforded those 
who require treatment for such local 
ailments as throat and nasal afiections, 
diseases of the eye, genito-urinary dis¬ 
eases, etc. 

Dietary. 

A liberal, wholesome diet is provided, 
a careful study of the food elements re¬ 
quired for individual cases being made, 
so that the foods best suited to the build¬ 
ing up of each patient may be prescribed 
and served in a palatable manner, recog 
nizing the fact that improper dietary and 
a general disregard for the principles 
governing a healthy digestion are positive 
factors in the cause of the majority of 
chronic diseases. It is recognized that a 
thorough and careful study of the de¬ 
mands of each case is essential to a speedy 
and complete recovery of health. 

Although articles of diet that are known 
enemies to digestion and the body in 
general are excluded from the bill of fare, 
no pains are spared to provide a tooth¬ 
some, tempting, and palatable variety of 
the most wholesome foods, sufficient to 
appease the most capricious appetite, an 
effort being made to educate the depraved 
appetite away from its unnatural desires, 
and to relish and enjoy that which is 
wholesome, pure, and natural. 

Any further information relating to 
terms, etc., will be promptly answered 
by mail or telegram. 

Address, 

A. N. LOPER, M. D., Supt.; or 
NEBRASKA SANITARIUM, 

College View, Neb.